Middle East and the Independence of Country States

In this essay I will discuss, with reference to the Middle East, the claim that â€Å"Independence removed one set of problems only to have them replaced with another.† In order to find out if that statement is true and if so, to what extent, I will examine several Middle Eastern states during the early period of their independence. I will study the problems that occurred after the Middle Eastern countries gained independence and evaluate whether those problems in fact had anything to do with the independence. Above mentioned claim does not just suggest that there were problems in newly independent states, – surely there is no country without problems – it proposes that the former problems that independency removed were replaced by others, therefore implying that those new problems were caused by independence, if not directly then at least indirectly by giving them space. However, I argue that even though it is clear that some new problems arose, they were mainly caused by other factors, such as the influence of the age of imperialism, discovery of oil, the founding of the Jewish state of Israel and superpower rivalry. Furthermore, the above mentioned claim’s usage of word ‘only’ implies that the overall result of independence was negative or neutral to the newly independent states. I argue that this understates the importance of the right of nations to self-determination. Independence undeniably advanced the right of nations to self-determination in the Middle East. It isShow MoreRelatedMiddle East Conflict Essay859 Words   |  4 Pagesarea known as the Middle East since shifts in global power over the years have affected the topography. Now, however, the region can expansively be said to contain â€Å"the area from Libya E to Afghanistan, usually including Egypt, Sudan, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey, Iraq, Iran, Saudi Arabia, and the other countries of the Arabian peninsula† (dictionary.com). This geographical definition can be said to contain both the ‘Near East’, ‘Middle East’, and even farther to the East and into AfricaRead MoreImpact Of The Cold War On The World Essay1560 Words   |  7 PagesWas the impact of the Cold War felt most heavily felt by the superpowers (Europe, Russia, and the United States) or in the developing world? The Cold War (1945-1991), a war fought between two social, economic, and political ideologies: Communism and Capitalism. Although essentially fought between two superpowers, the United States of America (U.S.A.) and the Union of Soviet Socialists Republic (U.S.S.R.), the impact was most heavily felt in the developing world. Although there was no direct fightingRead MoreThe Colonization Of The Middle East1642 Words   |  7 PagesMany of the problems in the Middle East today are a direct result of actions undertaken in the region s colonial past. I will argue that both imperialist ineptitude, deliberate meddling and outright deceit by colonial powers have sown seeds of distrust that linger in the Middle East today towards the West. I will claim that artificial boundaries, government structures and societal schisms created in colonial times have entrenched animosities and created internal structural instabilities in the areaRead MoreAfter the military coup, it was clearly understood t hat the economic success was the key factor900 Words   |  4 Pagesthe key factor of the purposes of the coup which were to sustain the stability within the country in terms of economical and political life. Therefore, Turgut Ozal , who had the notion of liberal economy and free trade, was in the charge of the economy as the Deputy Prime Minister for Economic Affairs. Thanks to his efforts, after 1981, the inflation was dropped, with beneficial relations with other countries, the export had been increased dramatically, the interaction with abroad gained much moreRead MoreUnited Arab Emirates : Vegas Of The Middle East1295 Words   |  6 PagesUnited Arab Emirates: Vegas of the Middle East When you think of history, you think of millenniums and centuries passed through time with experiences and tragic tales of the rising and falling of empires and civilizations. The United Arab Emirates has defied the odds of history. The UAE has embraced the western civilization approach of capitalism which contrasts to a traditional Middle Eastern country. The thriving nation of the UAE gained its independence from the United Kingdom in the earlyRead MoreThe Iranian Revolution Of Iran951 Words   |  4 PagesReza Shah Pahlavi, the population of Iran began widespread anti -Western demonstrations and strikes against the Shah’s government. Advocating for an independent culture from Western ‘colonial’ influence, an escape from the tyranny of the Shah, independence from non-believers, and a legal and societal union with Sharia Law, the Iranian Revolutionaries sought to make Iran a dominant force and cultural leader among its neighbors. Reaching its peak in the late 1970’s, the Shah was exiled at the end ofRead MoreWhat Were the Main Causes of British Decolonization After World War Two?1791 Words   |  7 Pagesoutside of the UK. By 1965, there were only 5 million people under British rule outside of the United Kingdom. Today, the British Empire only consists of minute islands spread around the globe. Great Britain was on the winning side with both the United States and the Soviet Union, but it came out of World War 2 as a sick old man. Therefore, Great Britain’s empire began to crumble beneath its very own eyes. It seems irrational to think that a winning power would lose its empire, so what were the main causesRead MoreThe Conflict Between Syria And The Middle Eastern Region Of The World1478 Words   |  6 PagesGeography 142 Life In Syria Syria is a country located in the Middle Eastern region of the world, and is currently in the stages of developing. It is located on the eastern end of the Mediterranean Sea and lies between the neighboring countries of Jordan, Israel, Iraq, Turkey, and Lebanon. Much of Syria’s economy is based on agriculture, oil, industry and services. All of which are major reasons why Syria could be a developing country. Syria’s population has been steadily increasing since the 1960’sRead MoreMiddle East Essay924 Words   |  4 PagesIntro to the Middle East Professor Ghazvinian September 21, 2017 Imagine you are travelling through the Middle East in the 1930s. Which nations or states would you describe as â€Å"most likely to succeed† and which would you describe as least likely? Why? I think traveling through the Middle East in the 1930 would be quite interesting because I would love to see how the people of the Middle East reacted to the mandate system implemented in 1920. I think Turkey would be one of the countries that are mostRead MoreThe Role Of Modern Nationalism And The Middle East1639 Words   |  7 PagesIn this essay I will be discussing the role of modern nationalism and how this ideology affected the transition from colonial rule to independence in Asia, Africa, and the Middle East, as well as the problems that plagued them since 1945, and how these different nations have solved them. I will be specifically concentrating on the nations of India, Algeria, and Iran. In the wake of World War Two, the power of Asian nationalism was irrepressible. Many new nations emerged all throughout this massive

Wakeboarding Essay example - 592 Words

Wakeboarding Wakeboarding is a fun and challenging sport. A couple of years ago I was boating with some friends when one of them pulled out something I had never seen before, a wakeboard. In the past I had tried water-skiing and kneeboarding, but until then I had never heard of wakeboarding, I havent picked up a water- ski or kneeboard since that day. A wakeboard is shaped a lot like a snowboard. It is 150 cm long and about 60 cm wide. Riding a wakeboard has been compared to surfing, skateboarding, waterskiing, and snowboarding. At first I was nervous about learning a new watersport at age 18, because I remembered how hard it was to get up one ski. My friends convinced me to give it a try and I loved it. At†¦show more content†¦When I first started going fakie it was like learning to wakeboard all over again. Just recently I have gotten to the point where I can ride regular or goofy in any water conditions, choppy or smooth as glass, and feel like I am doing well. Just recently I wa s able to land a jump that I started in the regular position executed a 180 degree turn and landed in the goofy stance. This took me hours and hours of practice, but overcoming the challenge was so exhilarating that it was worth the time and effort, and made me even more excited about the sport. The next skill I have been working to acquire is grabs. A grab is contorting your body into different positions then grabbing the board with one of your hands while jumping. The most complicated grab that I can currently land is starting the jump in the regular stance, while in the air I reach through my legs grab the back of my board and execute a 180 degree turn landing in the goofy position. Im excited about continuing to improve and learning to tweak big air in this new and exciting sport. I am working towards a goal of being able to land a backflip within the next year. Currently I am really good at landing on my head. But for some reason when I am wakeboarding even landing on my head d oesnt hurt. I am totally stoked about this awesome sport that I have found, the thing that will continue to bring me back to boarding is that it is a sport of neverShow MoreRelatedTaking a Look at Website Optimization1211 Words   |  5 Pagesaccurately in order to avoid being considered as spam by Google. If possible, use a keyword or two in your alt tag. There’s no clear cut answer to where wakeboarding started or who invented this superb sport. But what we know is that it evolved from many different sports, especially skiing and surfing. One of the earliest forms of wakeboarding started with surfers getting pulled out to sea by boats or even from the shoreline by a truck. Eventually, shorter boards started being used. In 1985 oneRead MoreMarketing Case779 Words   |  4 Pagesour lives. Evogear.com is one of the corporations to ride the wave of e-business and consumers shift towards online shopping. In fact, riding the wave is a perfect metaphor for Evogear as they market and sell discount snowboard, skateboard, and wakeboarding gear online. As an online retailer, Evogear is able to offer a much lower price on their merchandise. This lower price is created due to a much lower rate of overhead. Certainly, there is some overhead in e-business, but much less than in aRead MoreThe Night - Original Writing1438 Words   |  6 Pages† He said. â€Å"Easy as pie.† My mom shook her head in disapproval but overall I knew she was fine since I was now. I turned around on the towel and Ryan helped me up by grabbing my good arm. â€Å"So, back to wakeboarding?† I asked as everyone laughed and shook their heads. I ended up going wakeboarding later and after many tries I did finally land my backflip! Everyone thought I was crazy, my mom even told Ryan to bring me in but that was his sister and he never listened to her anyway. Everyone in theRead MoreMajor Strategies For Family And Work Balance1514 Words   |  7 Pageshouseboat way to back of the lake and beach it somewhere secluded, before spending the entire week cliff jumping, wakeboarding, fishing, and tubing. For my family, this was one of the best times we had together and helped balance work and family like nothing else, considering it is pretty much impossible to worry about work when its sunny, 95 degrees, and you’re out on the lake wakeboarding. Another strategy of balancing family and work that I think is just as important is the concept of â€Å"taking prideRead MoreCape Breton Case Study2730 Words   |  11 Pagesintroduce new services such as personal water craft (PWC) famously known by a brand name ‘jet ski’ by Kawasaki and also introduce a surface water sport call wakeboarding. PWC was first invented in 1973 with a stand up versions and within a couple of years has evolved to the ones we see on television or water sports area. As for wakeboarding it was first discovered in 1946, recognised by the International Olympic Committee in 1967 and was eventually popularised by the New Zealanders and AustraliansRead MoreChannel Management, Wholesaling, and Physical Distribution1711 Words   |  7 Pagesmulti-cultural †¢ Geography: Anywhere Objectives in choosing a Distribution Strategy †¢ Distribution through key retailers in each geographical area †¢ Cost effective and efficient expansion into the US wakeboarding market (US market being the number 1 market for wakeboarding) Evaluate the Internal and External Environment Factors to consider: †¢ US GDP as of July – 10,686,000,000 trillion dollars (appendix 14) - Imports totalling – 1,545,000,000 trillion / 19% being from CanadaRead MoreThe Obesity Rates Of Children And Youth801 Words   |  4 Pageslacrosse, hockey, football, baseball, basketball, volleyball, badminton, and many other sports. These can include sports at school or in the community. They can also find interest in activities like biking, skateboarding, rollerblading, swimming, wakeboarding, water skiing, canoeing, kayaking, snowboarding, skiing, skating, and many others. Physical activity also includes walking to and from school. Parents should limit the amount of time their children time spend on inactive things (Government of Canada)Read MoreDescriptive Essay : Eyes Under The Water 993 Words   |  4 Pagestrash in the water really is. It not only interferes with the aquatic life, it also allows bacteria and other diseases in the water. Studies has even been made that flesh eating bacteria can be caused from pollution. This affects all the swimming, wakeboarding, water skiing, tubing, and wading that most local people enjoy doing. All of that stuff doesn’t affect us much and sometimes we enjoy watching it. We don’t want to see any children get any bacteria around them because they may get sick. One girlRead MoreMy Life Of My Brother862 Words   |  4 Pagesmarried with one boy named Aden, he is four. Jake currently works as a machinists and has been working as one for a few years. My younger brother, Sean, is eighteen and is currently going to college with me. We share similar hobbies such as, skiing, wakeboarding, bowling, and listening to music. My mother’s name is Becky she is currently at the age of fifty, she currently works at Mason Plastics as a receptionist. She loves the outdoors and watching me and my brother play our sports. She enjoys fishingRead MoreResearch Essay on Southeast Asia879 Words   |  4 Pagesis located nearby to a river, there will be a reliable source of food and transportation which adds to the land’s desirability. Some people are drawn to coastal areas as these areas offer a number of recreational activities, such as surfing or wakeboarding and access to water transportation. Maybe they also appreciate the value of waterfront property. In this essay, I have come to the conclusion that Southeast Asia has more than one pattern of settlements. Instead, it has three, namely, the dispersal

Analysis of The Second Coming Essay Example For Students

Analysis of The Second Coming Essay analysis of The Second ComingThe poem The Second Coming was written by WilliamButler Yeats in 1919. Yeats was an accomplished Irish poet and was known for the socio-religious ideas he emphasized in his poetry. In The Second Coming, his ideas unfold in three significant metaphors. The first metaphor relates a falcon and its falconer to the destruction of society. The metaphor has two possible interpretations. One view may be that the falcon represents society and the falconer represents God and morality. By saying The falcon cannot hear the falconer, Yeats may be implying that society has lost sight of God and has lost the values and morals once held in place by the strong obedience to God. In another interpretation, Yeats may be saying that the falcon represents a war and the falconer represents the military power that has unleashed it to the point where all control is lost and faith in God has been abandoned. The next line of the poem explains this process; things fall apart indicates that the runaway war has sparked disorder in the public. The centre cannot hold, signifies that the obedience to God has lost its value. Even though there may be more than one interpretation, the metaphor points up one socio-religious theme that society has lost order and in turn lost faith in God. The second metaphor conveys Yeats idea that anarchy has taken over. The metaphor begins with The blood-dimmed tide is loosed, suggesting that the purity of the soul has been corrupted by the destruction that accompanies chaos. Yeats uses the second line of the metaphor, . ..and everywhere the ceremony of innocence is drowned, to show how the value of life, health of country, and civilized order have died. In this metaphor Yeats conveys his socio-religious idea that the deterioration of societal morals has led the way for anarchy to corrupt the religious purity of the individual. The third metaphor brings out Yeats religious idea of the Second Coming of Christ. Yeats begins the second stanza with Surely some revelation is at hand, alluding to the fact that the situation of anarchy and devastation is so grave it is crying out for the Second Coming of Christ. He uses the Sphinx, a soulless, lifeless, empty creature to represent the Spirutus Mundi or the spirit of the world. The Rocking Cradle waking up the sphinx refers to Jesus calling attention to thecondition of the Spirutus Mundi. He ends the metaphor with a question mark, posing the question of whether the Second Coming will be good or evil. The metaphor demonstrates Yeats socio-religious idea that because mankind has lost order, morality, and obedience to God, the Second Coming might not bring about a new beginning, but rather the end of Christianity. Through these metaphors, Yeats highlights his socio-religious belief that the breakdown of societal morals has reached the point where even the anticipated Second Coming is questioned as to whether it will be a positive new beginning or an evil resurrection.Words/ Pages : 495 / 24

Where are the dreams free essay sample

Do you still remember the dreams we once have? Or we have lost it because of the long road we had gone though? If it is the repeated toil that has depleted our passion? And then we start to get used to it, obey it and finally become numbed with it . . .My dream was come from deeply in my heart and from my original instinct. I dreamed to become a groundbreaking researcher in the field of Biology, or to become a brilliant Doctor who could cure the most headstrong diseases. I was fascinated with Biology since I was a child in primary school. Once, I gathered friends to raise the wicked mosquitos as an experiment in order to figure out how to kill them successfully. Because Taiwan is really their heaven, believe it or not they are everywhere. We went to the school’s backyard and caught their larva in a dirty puddle and settled them down in a water bottle. We will write a custom essay sample on Where are the dreams? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page We went to the library and asked teachers because Internet was not prevalent in at that time. It was quite fun to look disgusting mosquitos larva growing up day by day as they swimming in the bottle happily, and they do grow fast. So we knew how their life cycle, and the most efficient way we could come up with were to use mosquito repellent products or to get a gecko over. And one day I did â€Å"invite† two geckos from the corridor outside my home. Then it turns out well, no more little insects . . . cool hum! Despite Mosquitos, I have also raised many other animals like dog, fish, mice, turtle, and silkworm . . . Most of them are normal, but with my curiosity and creativeness, I have raised even poop flies, ants, and cockroaches . . . (It’s only for science~)I really DARE to depleted my LIFE for my dreams . . .I joined the Biology and Chemistry competition in my high school years were because my dream and interest. The competitions include four year’s university knowledge, from zoology to biochemistry. I know it would be hard and not many students would like to join it, and it would definitely take much time and efforts, but I was the FIRST one to join in. These two years, day after day, night after night, nothing could ever stop me. No summer holidays, no winter holidays, no Saturdays or Sundays, I all give it to my dreams. I definitely enjoyed learning them. It was super cool to watch Amoeba proteus trying to eat up paramecium under the microscope. I might not be the smartest, but I could spare out all my lunchtime to get more practice on them without eating lunches all semesters. I could sleep only 5 hours everyday in order to read more books (Not because it’s hard, but simply because I am thirsty for knowledge). I could get up early in the morning and go to school lib first and start reading. I love myself and I do value my life. But I fear more to be dead in blank or live so long without achieving anything. I would prefer to live like the flaring Aluminum, extremely bright but short-lived. â€Å" Life is like a play: it’s not the length, but the excelle ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬nce of the acting that matters! † Just as Seneca once said.Biology is quite connected to our daily life. I am not just simply learning the knowledge, but I also use them in life. Last winter, fishes in my house aquarium died massively and no one knows why but me. Because at meantime I was learning the microbiology and knew that it was caused by some parasite. Since I could see some little white dots on the fishes and some things little float in the water. I checked the Google and books and knew that was actually cause by Ichthyophthirius. And after a little researching, I cured fishes successfully.I have learnt Taekwondo for 8 years. I have taken countless matches, and have seen innumerable competitors. 8 years, I have learnt not only from its sprites, patience, eloquent, and indomitable, but also from its faiths and passion. Besides, my family was once poor when I was little, but my parents never give up fighting and hoping. Thus we are much wealthier than before and finally have our own big house. And I have learnt much from it, especially the spirit of never give up.Basked in the burning sunshine, walked in the crazy raindrops, and withstood the heavy storms. Everything might get down, but how about my dreams? Could I still hold them safe and sound?â€Å" OF COURSE YES! ANYTIME. † I said with confidence.

Definition and Examples of a Concrete Noun

Definition and Examples of a Concrete Noun A concrete noun is a  noun (such as chicken or egg) that names a material or tangible object or phenomenon- something recognizable through the senses. Contrast with an abstract noun. In grammar, notes Tom McArthur, an abstract noun refers to an action, concept, event, quality, or state (love, conversation), whereas a concrete noun refers to a touchable, observable person or thing (child, tree) (Concise Oxford Companion to the English Language, 2005). Examples and Observations Pound cakes sagged with their buttery weight and small children could no more resist licking the icings than their mothers could avoid slapping the sticky fingers.(Maya Angelou, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings. Random House, 1969)The black candle fell out of its brass holder and the flame touched the dry petals and leaves. (John Twelve Hawks, The Traveler. Doubleday, 2005With your sheets like metal and your belt like lace,And your deck of cards missing the jack and the ace,And your basement clothes and your hollow face,Who among them can think he could outguess you?(Bob Dylan, Sad-Eyed Lady of the LowlandsAt middle age the soul should be opening up like a rose, not closing up like a cabbage.(John Andrew HolmesIt came to me today, walking in the rain to get Helen a glass of orange juice, that the world exists only in my consciousness (whether as a reality or as an illusion the evening papers do not say, but my guess is reality).(James Thurber, letter to E.B. White, October 6, 1937. Se lected Letters of James Thurber, ed. by Helen Thurber and Edward Weeks. Little, Brown, 1981 John Updikes Concrete Nouns I kept looking out of the windows. The three red lights of the chimneys of the plant that had been built some miles away, to mine low-grade iron ore, seemed to be advancing over our neighbor’s ridged field toward our farm. My mother had mistaken me for a stoic like my father and had not put enough blankets on the bed. I found an old overcoat of his and arranged it over me; its collar scratched my chin. I tipped into sleep and awoke. The morning was sharply sunny; sheep hustled, heads toppling, through the gauzy blue sky. It was an authentic spring in Pennsylvania. Some of the grass in the lawn had already grown shiny and lank. A yellow crocus had popped up beside the BEWARE OF THE DOG sign my father had had an art student at the high school make for him.(John Updike, Packed Dirt, Churchgoing, a Dying Cat, a Traded Car. Pigeon Feathers and Other Stories. Alfred A. Knopf, 1962 Balancing Abstract and Concrete Diction Beauty and fear are abstract ideas; they exist in your mind, not in the forest along with the trees and the owls. Concrete words refer to things we can touch, see, hear, smell, and taste, such as sandpaper, soda, birch trees, smog, cow, sailboat, rocking chair, and pancake. . . .Good writing balances ideas and facts, and it also balances abstract and concrete diction. If the writing is too abstract, with too few concrete facts and details, it will be unconvincing and tiresome. If the writing is too concrete, devoid of ideas and emotions, it can seem pointless and dry.(Alfred Rosa and Paul Eschholz, Models for Writers: Short Essays for Composition. St. Martins, 1982)Abstract and general terms represent ideas, explain attitudes, and explore relationships such as contingency (if something will happen), causality (why it occurs), and priority (what is first in time or importance). Concrete and specific words clarify and illustrate between abstract and concrete words and general and speci fic language, blending them naturally. To achieve this mix, use abstract and general words to state your ideas. Use specific and concrete words to illustrate and support them.(Robert DiYanni and Pat C. Hoy II, The Scribner Handbook for Writers, 3rd ed. Allyn and Bacon, 2001) The Ladder of Abstraction The Ladder of Abstraction is one way to visualize the range of language from the abstract to the concrete- from the general to the specific. On the top of the ladder are abstract ideas like success, education, or freedom; as we move down each rung of the ladder the words become more specific and more concrete. When we reach the bottom rung of the Ladder of Abstraction, we should find something that we can see or touch, hear, taste, or smell.(Brian Backman, Persuasion Points: 82 Strategic Exercises for Writing High-Scoring Persuasive Essays. Maupin House, 2010)

Reasons Why Students Contact Professional Writing Services

Reasons Why Students Contact Professional Writing Services Reasons Why Students Contact Professional Writing Services All humans are social beings. Thats why we have to communicate with each other every day. One of the reasons for such communication is getting help from each other and thats quite natural. If you have a toothache, you go to the dentist. A broken car can be fixed by a repairman. We go to the supermarket and pay other people money to get food. And what if you need help with an academic writing assignment? There is an easy way out. You can easily find a professional academic writing service online and order a paper. So, is it really worth using such services? Actually, there are several reasons why students order custom papers from professional academic writing services. First of all, many students dont have enough practice in writing, so they simply lack experience. You may thing you are good at writing, but the truth may be not so optimistic. Even professional writers, who already gained popularity, complain that it is not so easy to write a new novel. To write a really good essay, novel, or research work, you have to pay attention to almost every word. Practice makes perfect, we all know that. On the other hand, you need to have enough time to practice. Students are usually busy, having to accomplish several tasks by due date, so they dont have time to practice at all. Sometimes people are good writers, but a due date is a constant reminder that makes you nervous, and you simply cannot concentrate on your task. Moreover, all people have a common problem – procrastination. You can find hundreds of articles about how to deal with such a problem on the Internet, but somehow it still exists. Dont even expect to write a good paper if you only have a night before your due date. That being said, we can clearly see that students also need professional help at times. And thats what professional writing services are for. Using an academic writing service is quite easy. You dont have to go anywhere, there are plenty of services online. All you have to do is to fill out an order form and ask for help with your particular task. Then, a skilled writer will be assigned to your order. From now on all you have to is to sit back, relax, and wait for your order to be completed. Thats exactly what our service offers you. Get the help you need fast and easily. We have a team of professional writers who are always ready to help you. Our writers have experience of writing topics on various topics, thats why your paper will be written by a capable and experienced writer. Contact custom writing service and get the help you need.

Company Diversification Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Company Diversification - Essay Example   The business venture that the corporate managers decide on should be that can gain from the resources of the diversified company. The management can also invest in creating sustainable competitive strategies by developing chain relationships with other companies in the industry (Daft, et al, 2010). This will enable the company to enjoy from economies of chain relationships. Similarly, the company should also prioritize on the diversification chances available in the industry. One of the strategies that the organizations can take to diversify is through acquisition. This will help the company to enter the market quicker than other. It may decide to use internal startup or through a joint venture.Factors to consider for the diversification of the companyOne of the factors that the corporate managers should ask themselves is whether they understand the advantage competitive strength of cross-business strategy. This will help them to fathom how different strategic fits work in a comp any. Furthermore, it will help the company to do strength, weakness, opportunity and threat analysis of the business. The team manager should also ask themselves whether the organization is strong enough to take full part in the group venture. Similarly, the managers should also examine themselves whether they can afford to cope with the strategies that will thereafter be put in place. The management team also needs to prioritize diversification opportunities that are available in the industry (Daft, et al, 2010).

Act According to Your Real Nature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Act According to Your Real Nature - Essay Example One monkey pretended that it was about to faint, but in reality, its health condition was not that tragic. But another young monkey that began to cry, invited the attention of all. â€Å"I saw some flies land on my banana and I am sure that they are the agents of dengue. I suggest that we lodge the bananas in our mouth, one on each side, for the safety of our health. We are certainly not eating the bananas.† The suggestion was accepted and the monkeys complimented the young one for his foresight and concern. Some time passed by. â€Å"Since the health issue has cropped up, I need to say something,†. I stay on a tree adjacent to the private hospital of a reputed doctor. I have heard doctors often discuss with nurses and patients that the food items need to be chewed properly, to assist the process of digestion. Why not chew the bananas and keep the stuff ready to swallow, the moment the fast is terminated?† They chewed and chewed, and they did not realize when the food reached their stomach through the food pipe. The entire exercise was over in minutes, and all the monkeys, including the senior citizen, had a hearty laugh. â€Å"Never attempt anything that which is not in your real nature,† the senior citizen repeated the advice. I recall what Ronald R. Sims argued, â€Å"Human Resources management is particularly concerned with all the activities that contribute to successfully attracting, motivating, and maintaining a high-performing workforce that results in organizational success.†

Audiences are not only entertained Essay Example for Free

Audiences are not only entertained Essay For centuries, drama has acted as a mirror for culture and society. Through the power of dramatic form, we have been invited to be entertained yet also engaged in the social concerns, which can both be provocative and surprising. Both Stolen by Jane Harrison and A Beautiful Life by Michael Futcher and Helen Howard address contemporary social concerns and issues in Australian society. Stolen employs dramatic styles, techniques and conventions to portray the social issues caused by the stolen generation. On the other hand, A Beautiful Life again employs dramatic styles, techniques and conventions to portray the unforgettable story of a refugee family who escaped the hardships of Tehran Jail, only to find themselves suffering racism and injustice in the High Court of Australia. Stolen addresses the Stolen Generation and the social concerns surrounding the impact of individuals and the Indigenous community. Harrison splits up the action between five diverse characters, tracing their independent stories from childhood to adulthood. We have the sexually and physically abused (Ruby); the hopeful turned hopeless (Jimmy); the stolen child who in turn has her children stolen from her (Shirley), the lost (Sandy) and the black girl in a white mans world (Anne). In a workshop of the opening scene, Arriving (pg. 1) in which the characters speak in the stream of conscious style the difference in what each actor produced to portray their particular character was very noticeable. Harrisons use of a wide breadth of characters is effective in reflecting the broad spectrum of social concerns the Stolen Generation faced: physical, sexual and mental abuse, I promised not to tell (Ruby: pg. 8); high suicide and depression rates, I cant fight (Jimmy: pg. 34); cultural loss, Who do you think you are? (Voices: 29); loss of belonging, Always on the run (Sandy: pg. 3) and loss of family, This time Im going to hold my baby and never let go (Shirley: 2). Stolen uses absurdist techniques, including a non-linear and episodic plot  structure and undefined place and time to convey the disconnection and lost culture that has resulted within the Indigenous community as a result of the Stolen Generation. The dialogue closely follows the conventions of spoken language creating a sense of realism to the audience, to emphasis the fact that these events did happen and cannot be reversed. One of the most typical techniques with Stolen is the use of monologues. The experiences of each child are portrayed through these monologues the delivery indicates how these experiences are traumatic and a fundamental part of their psyche that is not easily spoken about through normal conversation. Through a class workshop I was able to watch a class mate act Jimmys monologue Racist Insults'(pg. 33-34). I found this scene particularly engaging because we are not only watching a young man end his life, but we watch a fraction of how our White Australians treated the Indigenous. The audience gets a first hand view of the racism and abuse copped by most Indigenous Australians, this scene shines a direct light on the hardships we put forward onto our Indigenous and why a whole culture is missing from our nation. While Stolen deals with how we treat our Indigenous, A Beautiful Life cover the social issues surrounding refugees and the ignorance of Australian people regarding human rights. This play covers the period when 5000 Mojahedin freedom fighters were killed by Irans government regime. The play interweaves the experiences of Hamid: his torture in jail in Tehran and witnessing human rights abuses before making a dramatic escape to Australia; and his arrest and trial following a protest outside of the Iranian Embassy in Canberra in 1992. Hamid, his wife Jhila and their son Amir who represent refugee culture are represented in the court by Australian lawyers Brendon OSullivan and Stephanie James. Both present the Australian culture as being ignorant bloody Arabs (pg. 21), racist a bunch of Muslim fanatics (pg. 7) and stereotypical ranting bloody slogans to Allah (pg. 7). Futcher and Howard emphasis the un-empathetic nature, stereotypical and racist culture of Australians through Stephanie and Brendan. Amir (Hamids son) makes the perfect narrator as he grows and develops through the play from a young Iranian boy into a 20 year old Iranian/Australian who can believable comment on both countries. The character of Amir has humour Shes Irish, she can get really angry (pg. 41), compassion, Its all  right, Mum (pg.11) and a desire to tell the story of his Iranian/Australian family, What about the Boltons, Dad? (pg. 13). Brechtian techniques such as the used of a non-linear and episodic storyline, as well as historification and the breaking of the forth wall (through Amir) give insight into contrasting cultures and systems of justice. The use of performance styles, such as physical theatre, engage the audience so that the play has heighten reality: allowing the audience to follow Hamid, through the racism, prejudice and his lack of human rights. The use of dramatic dialogue allows the characters in A Beautiful Life, persuade, argue, threaten, provoke and inspire the audience. Language techniques include the use of the Farsi accent or clipped tone to lend authenticity to the Iranian feel of the text and of course to show the reactions of Australians represented by Brendan and Stephanie when the characters speak their mother tongue. I first encountered the use of the accent when acting the character of Jhila in _SCENE FIVE,_ I feel as an actor that use of accent does add authenticity and a sense of realism throughout the scenes making it easier for the audience to connect with the character rather than the actor. Through the power of dramatic form, we have been invited to be entertained yet also engage in the social concerns explored throughout Stolen and A Beautiful Life. Through the performance of scenes in workshop activities and in-depth study of both texts, I have come to understand the styles, form and conventions Harrison, Futcher and Howard use to convey their points of view. Whilst Stolen uses absurdism to portray the social issues caused by the stolen generation, A Beautiful Life uses Brechtian techniques to portray the unforgettable story of a refugee family who escaped the hardships of the pain and suffering caused by the Stolen Generation on both the personal and societal side Tehran Jail, only to find themselves suffering racism and injustice in the High Court of Australia. On a final note both composers worked well using dramatic forms, techniques and conventions to engage the audience to understand the social concerns explored in the plays.

What Is Information? :: Science Research Essays

What Is Information? ABSTRACT: There is a striking paradox in contemporary brain and cognitive science. Their purported fundamental category of information either is not defined or is used in a Shannonesque sense, which is unable to account for the processes of regulation and control when content, not the quantity of information, is concerned. I try to provide a more adequate formula which is applicable to a wide range of systems commonly counted as informational systems. Representative examples would include a single biological cell, animals, persons, and computers. In fact, I consider information-defined here as any detectable difference of physical states-to be the determining principle of all animate systems, one in which determines both their achitecture and their operation. I claim that the concept of information is a realist category and that information itself is, in ontological terms, an irreal entity unable to act on its own. Three hierarchically ordered forms of information are distinguished a nd a number of applications of the proposed definition are discussed. In the books and papers on brain science, cognitive science, etc., one of the most frequently used terms is information. We are told that brains and their various subunits — down to the level of a single neuron — process information, store it, retrieve it, transmit it, etc. They do, indeed. The point, however, is that we are not told what information is. Perhaps information is meant to be understood in the sense first given by C. Shannon? If so, it would be a huge misunderstanding for at least two reasons. First, his approach is entirely content-neutral. It concerns only technical/economical, quantitative problems of data transmission and communication. Brain activity, on the other hand, is concerned with regulation and control, where the content of information matters a lot. Furthermore, since according to Shannon's approach information is what reduces uncertainty, the whole idea presupposes such things as knowledge of a priori probabilities — a requirement which can hardly be attributed to, say, frogs and butterflies. It can serve well the purposes of mathematicians and engineers dealing with well-specified communication problems, but it is useless with regard to the systems which must cope with varieties of environmental stimuli. I suppose that what is taken for granted here is a commonsense, mentalistic connotation: information is thought to be a piece of knowledge. If this is the assumption being made, we must either flatly reject it because of its strong anthropocentric bias, or we must treat it figuratively, as a conventional term of art with no objective counterpart in reality.

How Xerophytes Are Adapted for Water Loss Essay

Biology essay: describe the adaptations shown by xerophytes to reduce water loss A Xerophyte is a type of plant that is well adapted to water. Water loss is something that is very bad for the plants if the ratio of water lost to water taken in is too drastic. The cells may lose their turgidity and may even submit to plasmolysis, which will result in the plant wilting and eventually dying. Water loss via transpiration (loss of water vapour from the aerial parts of a plant due to evaporation) is fundamentally inevitable due to the fact that plants exchange gases with the atmosphere, via their stomata-the pores in a leafs epidermis . The bad aspect of this is the fact that the plants must photosynthesise in order to acquire the energy vital for their survival; for this exchange to occur the plant must be able to allow the gases in and out of the leaves, and to do this the stomata must open, meaning that water can be lost due to the opening of an exit, and also the change in the water va pour potential gradient. Water potential is the measure of the tendency/ability of water to move freely in a solution. Water moves from an area of high water potential to an area of lower water potential, and this is what causes the water vapour in the plant to be lost to the outside atmosphere, due to the difference in the water potential gradient, and we call this â€Å"moving along the water potential gradient†. If the water potential outside the plant was higher than the water potential inside the plant, then the plant would absorb water vapour rather than lose it, but because of the extreme weather conditions, and the difference in water potential the plant loses rather than gains water. The potential of water vapour is the same concept, and simply means the same thing but in terms of the gaseous form of water. Most plants can reduce water loss by structural and behavioural adaptations such as: * A waxy cuticle on the leaf will reduce water loss due to evaporation through the epidermis * The stom ata are often found on the undersurface of leaves, not on the top surface- this reduces the evaporation due to direct heating from the sun * Most stomata are closed at night, when there is no light for photosynthesis * Deciduous plants lose their leaves in winter, when the ground may be frozen (making water less available) and when temperatures may be too low for photosynthesis. However although xerophytes do execute these adaptations, they also have a number of adaptations specific to their own requirements that reduce the rate of water loss. Firstly, the surface area. Xerophytes have much smaller leaves, often shaped like needles. This reduces the surface area of the leaves significantly; hence the total leaf surface area is also reduced. This means that there is a much smaller area for the water vapour to escape from, this works well because the smaller the surface area, the smaller the quantity of water that can escape, therefore the less water lost. The thorn like structures reduce the area exposed for transpiration. Pine trees are prime examples of this, as they have small needle-shaped â€Å"leaves† that h ave a small surface area, therefore are able to retain more water as a result, because less of the area is exposed, and so transpiration cannot occur as abundantly. Next, includes the way mesophyll, the spongy inner tissue of a leaf that is composed of loosely arranged cells of irregular shape, is densely packed together. This reduces the cell surface area that is exposed to the air inside the leaves, meaning that the space for water to have access to is reduced, because the cells are more compact, thus creating a sealed wall where water cannot escape into and less water will evaporate into the leaf air spaces as a result, hence reducing the rate of water loss. A third factor of xerophytes that they have adapted themselves to include the waxy cuticle, which appears on all plants, is a lot thicker than the typical cuticle. The waxiness reduces evaporation further, particularly cuticular transpiration, where water escapes from fissures through the cuticle. This is because the cuticle, found at the epidermal (outermost) layer of cells, is made up of a complex formula of waxy substances known as Cutin, which acts sort of like a waterproof layer to p revent the loss of water from the surface cells, therefore reducing the amount of water that could be lost to the atmosphere. Fourthly, closing the stomata when water availability is low will reduce water loss and so reduce the need to take up water. This is because when the stomata is open for various reasons including gas exchange, water can escape from the openings made by the stomata, this is bad or a plant like a xerophyte which wants to retain as much after as possible, therefore keeping the stomata closed as much as possible increases the plants chances of retaining water, particularly when water is scarce. Next, hairs on the surface of the leaf trap a layer of air close to the surface. This air can become saturated with moisture and will reduce the diffusion of water vapour out through the stomata. This is because the gradient of the water vapour potential between the inside of the leaf and the outside has been reduced, for if there is a â€Å"barrier† of water between the inside of the cell and the out, then the gradient of water potential is significantly reduced, because the difference in water potential is less, hence water will not want to move from an area of high water potential to an area of low water potential. Pits containing stomata at their base also trap air that can become saturated with water vapour, and so also reduce the rate of water loss. This will reduce the gradient in the water vapour potential between inside and outside the lea, so reducing loss by diffusion. Behavioural aspects of adaptations that xerophytes achieve include rolling their leaves up so that the lower epidermis is not exposed to the atmosphere which can trap air that becomes saturated. This is another way to reduce or even eliminate the water potential gradient. Another point to make is that some plants have a low water potential inside their leaf cells. This is achieved by maintaining a high salt concentration in the cells. The low water potential reduces the evaporation o water from the cell surfaces as the water potential gradient between the cells and the leaf air spaces is reduced. An excellent example of a xerophyte is marram grass. A dense green plant with protruding spikes that appears in tufts, which you often see dotted along the coastal scenery. Its principal habitat is sand dunes and the conditions are very severe and can be particularly brutal at times, with winds and salty, dry terrain. The features described above mirror a lot of the characteristics that marram grass possess, such as rolling up its leaves to trap air inside as well as a thick waxy cuticle to reduce water evaporation rom surface cells, and hence is a very good example of a xerophyte. In conclusion, xerophytes are very durable plants that have adapted exceedingly well to living in such harsh conditions. Their features allow them to retain water incredibly well, and that provides them with an advantage to living in places such as the desert in comparison with a normal plant.

Pintura Ecuatoriana

SALLY SWANSONG CASE Possibilities – Alternatives for both parts: Sally (1) and Lyric Opera Company(2) 1 2 Sally should not sing in this opera, she could do that in other opportunity| Lyric Opera Company should contract to other young opera singer to the principle role| She could teach to any another young opera singers. | It could contract an opera singer with experience or anyone whose it could not have to pay a lot of money| Looking for the principle role in other musical| Looking for another cheap principal singer with experience. Looking for a job in others places or public activities related to the art world in order to be recognized once again e. g. TV commercials. It could be accessible, because of her experience. | Contracting a very well-known opera singer, not only national, so international one. Announcing that by press conference to reduce extra marketing expenses. | Having the principal role as the opera singer, collecting not a high salary because of the uncertai n result of the audience. Offering the main role to a secondary opera singer, emphasizing that it would be a great opportunity to her career. | 1. Two possible alternatives: Sally: (-) Looking for another title role in another place by another company, using their experience and she would be able to relaunch her career in this way. (+) Getting the contract with this company. As a result, having successful and getting recognition. Lyric Opera Company: (-) Hire another opera singer in the title role as cheaply as possible (it is mportant to emphasize that she would have only three weeks to the opening) (+) To win time, it can contract to Sally with a little margin of negative answer of the audience because of her experience, possible conventions and good benefits in terms of money (because it is not a good show, it could pay the minimum to Sally) 2. Lyric Opera Company, Sally and us – Interest LYRIC OPERA COMPANY: * $ (All related to money) Winning more than they expected a per centage of 85%. Saving as much as possible ($). Hiring a principal opera singer at the lowest price possible for avoiding budget problems * They want to designate the primary role of the play at the shortest possible time because the premiere would be in three weeks. * Maintain its prestige * In monetary terms, To be successful is necessary to sell over 85% of the locations * No problems during the premiere with the principal opera singer SALLY: * To be recognized, resurging as the phoenix bird. It could be possible if she had only the principle role, * Relaunching her career. Achieving contract with Lyric Opera company to access better paying to future roles * To succeed, it is necessary that the play could have the necessary promotions and marketing suitable for proper ticket sales (over 80%) * Having the TV Contract to $ 45000 WE: * Having recognition for Sally case, being this our first job. * Achieving a commission in line with sales and the success of the play * Give all the b enefices to Sally in this case, to satisfy her necessities and be recommended later, so it is important to achieve the contract with the TV to $ 45,000 or projecting her career in the future * If we manage a ood bargain in the case of Sally, we could achieve reputation 3. WIN TO WIN options What happen if Sally performs the Opera? Result: Both WIN WIN TO WIN| Sally| If Sally does the title role of the opera, she will get the revival and recognition. And she will have more than commissions, which was looking for futures contracts and other activities, immersed in the art world. Lyric Opera Company| Hiring Sally who has experience, thus reducing the time of preparation for the premiere of the soon play; it is more predictable for the company, so it could solve the main problem of â€Å"looking for the principal opera singer†| Us (legal representatives)| Being our first case, the success of Sally, will benefice us in terms of recognition. | Additionally: * As marketing program, it could be a good option to make agreements with institutions such as the educational, cultural in order to increase ticket sales for the play and it would be possible to achieve the 80% provided by the company to be considered a success.As Sally does not charge commission for this agreement, Lyric Opera Cia could be benefited from the sale of tickets, without having invested heavily in promotions. * In terms of money, Opera Company can hire Sally with a fixed value that is 15% or 20% less than market price. So, Sally could have her contract, and Opera Company hires someone before the premiere of the play at a lower cost * If it gets 85% predicted, it will be given to the respective payment to Sally and commissions.If it is not possible â€Å"sales expectations†, it could represent less payment or the minimum to Sally. But the company must comply with the relevant marketing, then If Sally gets the lead role, and she could relaunch her career for futures contracts, she may ma ke donations to Lyric Opera Cia. * Because of her experience, and the success he had in the past, there are people who continue following her so the Company can use his name for marketing campaigns. What happen if other Soprano performs the Opera? Result: WIN TO WIN| Sally| . | Lyric Opera Company| | Us (legal representatives)| |

20 Expository Essay Topics on Alzheimer’s Disease

20 Expository Essay Topics on Alzheimer’s Disease This is the second part of our three-part guide. We are sure that the previous part 10 facts on Alzheimer’s disease for an expository essay proved to be very helpful in gathering research on the subject. It’s now time to assist you in locking on a single topic. There is just so much information to be found on Alzheimer’s disease and we understand it must be like picking a needle in a haystack. However, take a read at the topic suggestions below; we’ll tell you what to expect next. There’s also a sample essay waiting for you at the end of this guide. Here are 20 expository essay topics on Alzheimer’s disease: Causes of Alzheimer’s Disease Behavioral Problems of an Alzheimer’s Patient Americans and Alzheimer’s Disease: Why is it Becoming More Common? Effects on Families of Alzheimer’s Patients Vascular Dementia and its Connection with Alzheimer’s Disease How to Keep the Brain’s Blood Vessels Healthy? What Are the Symptoms of Mixed Dementia? How Alzheimer’s Affects the Brain and its Functions How Plaques and Tangles Form Affect the Brain Effects of Disrupted Nerve Cells Genetic Analysis and Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease Studying the APOE Gene to Understand How Alzheimers Spreads Alzheimer’s Disease in Latinos, African-Americans and White Americans Head Injuries and the Risks it Curtails with Regards to Future Alzheimer’s Diagnosis Things to Do to Avoid Alzheimer’s Disease in Future How Other Mental Disorders are Related to Alzheimer’s Disease Relevant Neurological Tests for Alzheimer’s Disease How to Care for an Alzheimer Patient Stages of Alzheimer’s Disease and its Relationship with Age Cholinesterase Inhibitors for Alzheimer’s Disease We’re sure after going through these topics you must have come up with ten of your own already. The idea behind this list is to help you find the right train of thought, whether directly or indirectly, that is entirely up to you. The first part of this three-part guide was 10 facts on Alzheimer’s disease for an expository essay, while this part gave you 20 topic suggestion. The final part of this guide is how to outline an expository essay on Alzheimer’s disease† Through this guide you were able to come up with the research needed to write a great college essay and got to know a few interesting topics regarding Alzheimer’s disease. The last part of the guide discusses in detail how to write an expository essay on the subject. Before you get to the final guide though, here is a sample essay as promised: Sample Expository Essay: How to Care for an Alzheimer’s Patient It takes a lot of patience and flexibility to take care for an Alzheimers patient. Although there are ways to make it easier, in this essay we will concentrate on how the frustration or emotional stress endured by the patient can be reduced. There are a few steps that you can follow to help make the environment safer for both you and the Alzheimers patient. Whether you’re a professional caretaker or a family living with an Alzheimers patient, a lot of care and attention needs to be given to the patient. Alzheimer causes an individual to lose the ability to safely perform even the most routine daily tasks which only gets worse with time. You must see to it that they are able to demonstrate a certain degree of awareness and independence, as well as a sense of dignity. This is especially important since they are starting to become more dependent on you and your family members. It also gives the patient a sense of control and awareness even though there brain is in a deteriorating state. Your main goal is to reduce the frustration an Alzheimers patient goes through. When they see that the tasks that seemed so simple and effortless earlier have become extremely difficult, they’ll need some to help ease the agitation and mental anguish. One of the foremost things you can do is maintain a routine, which can make each day less agitating and frustrating. Alzheimers patients are not completely incapable mentally, and it’s still possible for them to learn (or relearn) certain routines. The best solution for a safe and stress-free environment is to schedule every task down to medical appointments and bathing timings, which must be done when the patient is at their sharpest. And don’t forget to plan the schedule strategically so that there is ample room for anything that should require a spontaneous reaction and on-the-spot solution. If you’re a family member then you need to realize that everything will take more time than it did before. If you’re doing something together then you’ll have to give the patient regular breaks. If you can, schedule the task while taking these breaks in account. Never underestimate them the recuperative abilities of the patient; if you see them doing something they are confident in doing themselves, let them do it without any assistance. Some patients might still have their mind-muscle memory intact. Encourage them to complete activities on their own such as changing clothes or setting up the table themselves. It is important that you provide the patient with a plethora of choices. Keeping a schedule too restricted or making them stay in a room for too long is more damaging than safe, and can even lead to a faster mental decline. Make sure you are offering patients plenty of flexibility to move around and engage in different activities so long as they pose no danger to their wellbeing. For example, If it’s coffee you’re offering, ask them if they would like it hot or cold or if you’re going to the movies, ask them which movie they’d prefer to see. Find ways to keep the patient engaged and occupied, but have sufficient variety while you’re at it. Doing the same thing over day in and day isn’t very healthy for the patient or those providing care, for that matter. The instructions that you give to the patient need to be simple. If they don’t understand what’s being communicated to them, simply rephrase or give them simpler instructions. While they are performing any given task, make sure that there are little to no distractions; if they are having a meal, turn off the TV and have a conversation about the meal instead. References: Agronin, M. (2014). Alzheimers disease and other dementias : a practical guide. New York: Routledge, Taylor Francis Group. Davis, R. Davis, B. (1989). My journey into Alzheimers disease. Wheaton, Ill: Tyndale House Publishers. Mast, B. (2014). Second forgetting : remembering the power of the gospel during Alzheimers disease. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Zondervan. Newport, M. (2011). Alzheimers disease : what if there was a cure? : the story of ketones. Laguna Beach, CA: Basic Health Publications. Callone, P. (2006). A caregivers guide to Alzheimers disease : 300 tips for making life easier. New York: Demos Medical Pub.Fife, B. (2011). Stop Alzheimers now! : how to prevent and reverse dementia, Parkinsons, ALS, multiple sclerosis, and other neurodegenerative disorders. Colorado Springs, CO: Piccadilly Books. Newport, M. (2011). Alzheimers disease : what if there was a cure? : the story of ketones. Laguna Beach, CA: Basic Health Publications. Poirier, J., Gauthier, S. Sandilands, B. (2014). Alzheimers disease : the complete introduction. Toronto: Dundurn.

Three Tips to Six-Figure Freelancing Today

Three Tips to Six-Figure Freelancing Today They’re all over the Internet articles with titles blazing YOU CAN MAKE SIX FIGURES FREELANCING, JUST SIT AT HOME IN YOUR PJ’S! Most people, to be frank, hate their jobs. According to a 2012 survey I started freelance writing in 2002, back in the â€Å"good old days,† before the housing bubble bust, the collapse of Goldman Sachs, and the mainstreaming of food stamps. I sit at home in jeans instead of pajamas, but in the last ten years, I’ve managed to earn six figures for at least three of those years. My articles have appeared in everything from Women’s eNews to The Writer, and I occasionally write for businesses and nonprofits (yes, more money!) This article will show you three ways you can start earning six figures today. Tip #1: Set a goal of 30 queries in 30 days This first tip isn’t actually my idea. I gleaned it from my writing colleague, Indian freelance journalist Mridu Khullar Relph. Recently, Relph made a challenge to her fellow freelancers: jot down a list of your â€Å"dream† markets, such as National Geographic and The New Yorker. Go online, find the contact info of the appropriate editors, and write a query for each of the 30 markets you want to be published in. Send out a query every day in the month of May. I would add that, if you want to approach six figures quicker, make sure that each market pays $1 per word and up. If fifteen magazines and newspapers accept your queries, and you write fifteen 500-word articles at $1 per word, you’ll make $7500 in the month of May. How nice is that? Tip #2: Learn how to over-research When I first started to write articles, I interviewed sources, wrote about their experiences or expertise, and got my pieces published without a thought about re-slanting. Now I realize that over-researching, or gathering more information than you need for one article, is at the heart of a successful freelance career. It certainly makes future queries look more professional. When you add quotes or anecdotes from prior research into your pitches, editors know that you’re familiar with your topic, and won’t go AWOL when the article’s at deadline. Over-researching also makes writing articles easier. You have information from other pieces, and you spend less time in the library and interviewing, and more time writing. You get paid for words not for surfing the Web trying to find stats.      Tip #3: Write the article that the editor MUST have Think six months ahead. What’s the holiday that your potential market covers? Pitch an idea about that holiday an unusual idea. Just as specialist physicians, to paraphrase the comic Milton Berle, have small practices and big houses, focusing on a seasonal topic can unlock monetary doors. For example, if you want to pitch Christmas articles to a parenting magazine, first brainstorm ideas refusing to censor yourself. Sometimes, even the most bizarre ideas become published articles. It’s not about what you think is the right idea, it’s about what the editor must have in her particular edition. If you consistently give the editor what she must have, you’re on your way to a hefty income. Even in this era of high unemployment and job dissatisfaction, people continue to enter their home offices, and make six figures doing what they love. I’m one of them. Are you ready to realize your potential? Oftentimes, it’s as simple as logging on in your pj’s.

English Language Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

English Language - Essay Example The work has a great implication on the lives of many people. The narration of the death of Mandela was accompanied with numerous statins of his achievement and his requirement to all people. Every person or institution wanting to live the legacy left by Mandela would be moved by the text since it reminds each and every person of the importance of being willing to sacrifice for the sake of the world. The author realises this fact and puts into perspective the most influential events in the life of Nelson Mandela. The main purpose of the text was creating an editorial that would reflect the actual life and times of Nelson Mandela. Additionally, the author seeks to enlighten the reader of the steps undertaken by Mandela to become one the global recognised leaders for their efforts to bring peace and save humanity. The text has no limitation on the suitable audience since its representation and content are appropriate for very person interested in understanding why Nelson Mandela was held with high regard. However, in highlighting his objective, the author uses the responses of leaders and other people in the society on Nelson Mandela. The article starts by the author explaining the mood that was expected at the funeral. They then mention the significance of the burial of Nelson Mandela3. The text assesses the audience present at the funeral, the mood of the actual day of the funeraland the days before the funeral. The author is quick to confirm that international leaders led by the US President, Barack Obama, were presented at the send-off ceremony and delivered moving speeches on how exceptional Mandela was4. The text also analyses the general feeling of the people of South Africa on their perception Mandela. The text then diverts from the funeral to the life and times of the Nelson Mandela. Significant events such as the

Different Perspectives On Change Within Organisations Case Study

Different Perspectives On Change Within Organisations - Case Study Example The forms of change as part of the organizational activity are not standardized; they are likely to be differentiated under the influence of the internal and external organizational environment and the business goals and vision. The different perspectives on change within organizations are critically discussed in this paper. Emphasis is given on the reasons of this phenomenon but also on the role of the members of the organization in the potential expansion of the problem. It is concluded that change, as an element of the organizational environment is unavoidable; in fact, in many cases, organizational change is quite necessary in order to enhance organizational performance. However, the development of extensive disputes in regard to the change management practices used within organizations could result in severe organizational crisis. 2. Change in modern organizations 2.1 Description of organizational change In the context of organizational environment, the term change is used in or der to describe a wide range of issues (activities and ideas); in certain cases, the above term is combined with other terms in order to make its role clear; an indicative example is term ‘consistency of change’ (Bradford et al. ...2005, p.196). Another important characteristic of organizational change is that it is likely to be promoted within each organization using different techniques; an indicative example is the ‘unfreeze-change-refreeze model’ (Holbeche 2006, p.234) which is based on the principle that in order for a plan of change to be successfully implemented within a particular organization it would be necessary to delete primarily the mechanisms which prevent the development of change within the organization, then the change can be implemented and the deleted mechanisms could be re-established – or, alternatively, new ones could be established taking into consideration the changes in the organizational operations because of the implementa tion of the relevant plan of change. At this point, reference could be made to the study of Weick and Quinn (1999) who referred to ‘the episodic change – the change which occurs at specific points of time – and the continuous change – a process which is likely to take place continuously’ (Anderson 2009, 62) – or at least, at such frequency that there can be no issue of episodic change. In terms of the time of its implementation, a plan of change needs to be carefully reviewed; this issue is highlighted in the study of Holbeche (2006) where it is noted that if changes are not introduced on time within a particular organization, i.e. immediately when relevant organizational needs are identified, then this delay would result to the need for major changes in the future (Holbeche 2006, 5); in other words, organizational changes cannot be avoided; they can be only delayed.

Critically analyse the the Mosaic and new Covenants, showing their Essay

Critically analyse the the Mosaic and new Covenants, showing their relationship to the death, burial and resurrection of Jesus Christ - Essay Example zing the Mosaic and new covenants in relation to death, burial, and resurrection of Jesus Christ, let us first comprehend what a covenant is in biblical stipulations. A covenant is only a formal treaty between at least two parties amongst the agreed sides. According to the Hebrew Bible, a covenant is used in translating the Hebrew word birth (ב× ¨Ã—™× ª) Meaning covenant cutting or cutting in referral to sacrificing (Barr, 1999: 4-17). The scriptures had three major covenants namely, the covenant of Abraham, the old covenant and lastly the new covenant. In all three covenants, it is clear that God is the dominant party in his quest to establish a covenant with all his creation. It is vital to acknowledge that God’s covenant reveals his will; hence allowing humanity to look no further in order to understand God’s desires. Both the Mosaic and new covenants show how God is ready to reunite with humankind. Understanding the covenants is important in knowing a detailed between God and the Hebrews, in the Old Testament. The old covenants are found in the Old Testament; they include the covenant of Abraham and the covenant of Mosaic. The Covenant of Abraham was formed between God (YHWH) and Abram. Moreover, according to (Genesis 12:1), the covenants terms are handed to Abram when God commands him to leave his homeland Ur, to a new place. According to the scriptures of Genesis 17:9-14, Abraham is told by God to circumcise all male offspring as a symbol of the agreement. In return for Abraham’s obedience as well as that of his descendants, God’s promise to Abraham is that of making a great nation, as well as having many blessings (Pate, 2004: 29). The second main covenant found in the Old Testament is that of the Mosaic Covenant. Exodus 19 through to chapter 24 shows that the covenant has the basis for the Torah and is the promise of God to make Israel the chosen land (Exodus 19:5-5) as long as terms of the covenant are preserved. The covenants basic terms included

Strategies for Environmental Sustainability

Strategies for Environmental Sustainability Environments consequences It is past time for all the people of every nation has to participate in the search for more sustainable communities. This effort is vital for the worldwide population so there will really be a planet for our kids and their kids to live in the future. An environment sustainable movement is recommended for every nation to have a real chance in returning earth into its natural balance. With the planet population becoming the more discriminating, factor each day, it will be critical to alter to the dwindling carrying limit of the planet. The worldwide population is in excess of seven billion individuals today, and the projections point to the overall increasing to between eight and ten and a half billion in the coming year 2050 (Dale, 2011). It must be central to be extremely adept in resident flight, trade and industry diversity and success, natural possibility, and the longing of people to live in such a sensible community. The major justification behind the anxiety is that natural re sources are coming to be scarce. Supposing that we were to examine the world’s health at present, what might we find? One might notice four worldwide developments that are especially unhealthy: (1) increasing populace development and its adverse impacts on human well-being, (2) a decline of indispensable ecosystem services, (3) the destructive impacts of worldwide climate change, and (4) a misfortune of biodiversity (Wright Boorse, 2011). Human over dependence on fossil fuel comes with a price and we are now beginning to see that the cost may be too much. Our planet clean water supply is dwelling fast due to the populace and the lack of seasonal rain in some areas due to global warming is not making thing better At our present rate this is undeniably unsustainable, worldwide climate change is glaring us square in the face because of this abuse. For these perilous reasons, the time is at present to start action. The creating of sustainable neighborhoods through green action t echniques, and a major decreasing of fossil fuel consumption is an elementary key for human endurance. The trepidations of human to continued fossil fuel usage; first we must identify what they are how they came to be, as well as where the consequence of their continue use. History tells us that before man stood on two feet millions of years ago, the dinosaurs walked the Earth, at that time, the planet had countless numbers of swamp areas, and abundant plants, and the ocean was full with algae. This time is known as the Carboniferous Period (Dale 2011). Dated between three hundred sixty (360) and two hundred eighty six (286) million years ago as its name suggests, the growth of carbon in living matter was a characteristic dominant of the period. When the vegetation perished, they derived to the lowest part of the swamps as well as oceans, where layers of peat were shaped (a tan, typically soggy material comprising at any rate in part of decayed vegetable matter). Those deposits were then held by sand in addition to more peat, and over time, it came to be progressively compacted. The e nsuing phase might be the mass of material crushing out the part of the water that occurred between the layers, or remains of plant life that had previously existed. Over a period of years, this substance converted into what is identified as oil, coal, commonly stated to as fossil fuels (Dale 2011). These are the main energy sources for the earth. They contribute more than ninety (90) percent of the energy exhausted worldwide (Botkin Keller 2011). The concern with this is they are finite. Coal, oil, and common gas are not renewable resources. These natural resources are being depleted at a disturbing rate for the most part, since the Industrial Revolution (McConnell Abel 2008). The abuse of these energy sources has placed the Earth’s populace ay a stage where we need to think of alternate energy sources. The using of the resources has made several known environmental problems for example air and water contamination, acid rain, and undoubtedly global warming. Coal oil and natural gas account for ninety (90) percent of the energy used by the global populace, they also accounted for seventy five (75) percent of the carbon discharges for the planet as well (Botkin and Keller 2011). The over-all adverse impacts from the abuse of fossil fuels since the Industrial Revolution and the beginning of climate change. Some scientist has stated that climate change is a natural global cycle. However, the ten hottest years on record happened in the 20th century. In 2005, a new record was set for worldwide temperature—the hottest year ever since the late 1800s. Since the mid-1970s, the normal worldwide temperature has climbed 0.2 °C for every decade. Global warming is occurring in particularly rapid at high latitudes predominantly in the Northern Hemisphere. Mainly because of the continued gr owths in anthropogenic greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, the apparent warming is recognized to be the result of an â€Å"improved greenhouse impact† (Wright Boorse, 2011). Coal has the most harmful effect and long-term impacts on the earth eco system and human health. The extracting of coal leads to destruction the area, as well as nearby bodies of water. When coal has been extracted, rail and trucks typically transport it. These delivery systems have an effect on the atmosphere as well as the roadways. Nonetheless, as naturally worsening as it is to remove and transport coal, burning it for energy is maybe the most damaging. Coal is essentially carbon, and when burned it releases additional carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere (Dale 2011). Coal burning power plants releases other pollutants into the atmosphere besides C02, mercury as well as arsenic; both are harmful to human as well as the environment. Nearly all the energy we human use contains a number of environme ntal concerns; yet, fossil fuels will leave a much larger carbon footprint (Dale 2011). Essentially, there are major drawbacks when talking about the recovery and utilization of fossil fuels. While a few benefits may include economic success for a few countries and companies, the most important is what best for man and the planet. It is apparent for government to fund research of other means of energy to transfer from fossil fuel dependence to renewable energy sources. Global warming, diminishing of natural resources, as well as long term health risk of every human warrants an immediate re-action to curb the use of fossil fuels. The crucial steps we must take is planning a diverse agenda of energy sources with a mix of both fossil fuel as well alternative that someday replace fossil fuel. Scientific has established that there is a limited amount of natural resources left (McConnell Abel 2008). The human population exploded rapidly, so has the demand for more the natural resources. It took decades and thousands of pounds and gallon of use to realize that these resources could not sustain the demand and the damage these sources will do to the environment, and when these resources are depleted, there are gone for good. Sadly, what is an incomprehensible is these resources are being mine without any constraint or thought of the future consequences, sustainable choices for the future must be tended to or cataclysmic occasions will plague the planet (Dale 2011). Achieving sustainability will call for the more widespread exploitation of a variety of alternative energy sources and a lesser amount of dependence on fossil fuels. Renewable energy like wind, solar naturally recharged unlike fossil fuels, which are in limited supply. Renewable energy can provide the energy we need and perhaps reverse the situation we now face. Renewable energy has both minor scale and larger scale applications it brings about considerably lower emissions of greenhouse gases, less air poll ution, and lesser waste outputs in general. Although renewable energy sources it are in it earliest stages compared fossil fuel. In 2009, the United States acquired 8.2% of its total energy and 10.5% of its electricity from renewable sources (Dale 2011). Conferring to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), as well as the Ontario Round Table on Environment and Economy, there are six managing standards for sustainable advancement (EPA 2012): †¢ Anticipation and avoidance of possible environmental degradation. Avoid pollution before it occurs. As we know, environmental degradation can occur naturally or thru neglect of human activities in some area there are major oil spills that results in loss of an local environment deforestation has destroyed countless of natural habitat †¢ Complete cost accounting. Natural resources air, land, water, soils, wilderness, forests and wildlife are the fundamental base of the entire economic activity. Nature is like a retail store that is perfectly willing to sell us the resources at cost price. However, what is the cost price? Like any business deal, the seller must not be worse off than before. For the withdrawal of any resource, the price must be at least that which reimburses nature for any damage done to her while consuming it. Using this principle in the entire areas will give economic incentives for clever resource usage. †¢ Informed choice-making creating (environment-economy coordination). Sustainable development needs the union of environmental and economic contemplations in decision-making. Documentation must be provided for the short and long-term outcomes of these decisions. In addition, the decision must be dependent upon sound data. In addition, the individuals who settle on economic must be liable for the environmental outcomes of those decisions. †¢ Living off the investment (doing superior with less). This statute treats the constrained natural resources as a feature of capital fortune. Such natural assets must be displaced as it is drained, or else be reused or recycled. If not, individuals will bankrupt themselves similarly as though they had used the greater part of their fiscal resources. †¢ Quality over amount. Making a sustainable society involve in transforming their way of life, state of mind, outlooks, behaviors and standards. An increasing awareness on excellence of economic development will bring about in smarter production and consumption patterns †¢ Admiration for nature and the privileges of forthcoming generations. The economy depends on not only on the continuous stream of resources as well as on the insurance and upgrade of ecosystems and habitats. The choice-making process must distinguish not only todays necessities, but also the necessities of future groups by assuring that a extended and adequate prospect is used in the assessment procedure (EPA, 2012). Achieving support for these rules will not be easy, and will undoubtedly be met with a number of oppositions. Nevertheless, to lessen the dependence on oil, coal and natural gas, it will require a global effort. Lessening the adverse effects of nonrenewable energies will pressure all nations to adopt groundbreaking energy procedures and penalties for exploitation. Having extreme consequences for not abiding by prompted policies will be the best way to pressure the worldwide population to join as one to preserve this planet. One cannot dialog about fossil fuels without speaking on the extreme environmental effects they have had on our planet. Global warming is a reality whether politician are will to admit or not and major piece of this discussion. Consistent with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association (NOAA), the principal decade of the new millennium was the warmest ever documented. Climate change has turned into a constant concern and is not getting it the consideration as it should. Normally spring is consider a time for tornadoes but recently fall has taken that spot 12 tornadoes struck Nebraska and Iowa Oct. 4-5, 2013, causing millions of dollars of damage. These October storms underscore the fact that spring is not the only season for dangerous tornadoes. Global warming is attribute to more devastating flash floods ,Tropical Cyclones, Tornado, Tsunami, Wildfire, Drought, Hailstorm, Heat Wave, Hurricane, Epidemic, Notwithstanding to global warming, environmental disasters have gone to the lead of planetary problems for society to manage with (Dale 2011). On March 24, 1989, the oil tanker of Exxon Valdez bumped into the Bligh Reef, leaking about 11 million gallons (10.8) of oil rights within the sound (Oceana 2012). The leak hit in excess of one thousand three hundred (1300) miles over the coastline, it caused the death of hundreds of thousands of marine life, and cost an excess of three hundred million (300,000,000) dollars of financial damage to more than thirty two thousand (32,000) individuals whose lives depend on fishing (Oceana 2012). This data is significantly dreadful, however, compared with the amounts of oil and prices, a drop in the bucket in contrast with the most devastating oil slick on record for America (Walsh 2011). This might be clearly the BP greatest accident of April 20, 2010 the Deepwater Horizon oilrig explosion located in the Gulf of Mexico (BP 2013).Spurring millions of gallon of oil into the Gulf it was estimate that 100, 000 of gallon was being release daily There should not be any argument about situation the earth and its ecosystems is in at this moment because of man and their development in population and manufacturing/technology. In the event that population growth is not maintain, and man continue to deplete resources at an unsustainable rate, abnormal weather pattern will increase storms will intensify global warming will proceed to a point of no return. Man goal should be leaving less of a carbon footprint so we can leave this world a little better off than it was when we can. The only way is to through the decline of fossil fuel consumption and an aggressive approach on renewable energy; this should be the primary objective of the occupants of this world .To ensure this, society enjoy the beauty of natural all that dwell within it and give a promise of future generation that same opportunity. We must live a lifestyle that does not destroy the place we call home. The question remain are we will to make a sacrifice now for the ens uring of the future for our kids the decision lies with us. Addressing climate change is not an issue to which there is a scientific answer. Ethical issues are not beyond the scope of reason, and I attempt to examine different ideologies and tactics with a opinion to reaching a reasoned opinion about which principles and approach is vital towards finding common ground, to a sustainable future. References BP (2012, December 20). Deepwater Horizon Accident and Response. Retrieved from http://www.bp.com/ Botkin, D.B., Keller, E.A.(2011).Environmental Science: Earth is a Living Planet.(8thed).Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley. Dale, L. (2011). Environmental Policy. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education. McConnell, R. L., Abel, D. C., (2008). Environmental issues: An introduction to sustainability (3rd ed.). New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. Oceana | Protecting the Worlds Oceans. (2012, March 20).Oceana. Retrieved from http://oceana.org/en/our-work/stop-ocean-pollution/oil-pollution/learn-act/exxon-valdez-oil-spill-facts United States, EPA, Smart Growth. (2013, February 4). Creating Equitable, Healthy, and Sustainable Communities: Strategies for Advancing Smart Growth, Environmental Justice, and Equitable Development. Retrieved Walsh, B. (2011, April 21). The BP Oil Spill: Forgetting the Lessons of Drilling in the BP (2012, December 20). Deepwater Horizon Accident and Response. Retrieved from http://www.bp.com/ Botkin, D.B., Keller, E.A.(2011).Environmental Science: Earth is a Living Planet.(8thed).Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley. Dale, L. (2011). Environmental Policy. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education. McConnell, R. L., Abel, D. C., (2008). Environmental issues: An introduction to sustainability (3rd ed.). New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. Oceana | Protecting the Worlds Oceans. (2012, March 20).Oceana. Retrieved from http://oceana.org/en/our-work/stop-ocean-pollution/oil-pollution/learn-act/exxon-valdez-oil-spill-facts United States, EPA, Smart Growth. (2013, February 4). Creating Equitable, Healthy, and Sustainable Communities: Strategies for Advancing Smart Growth, Environmental Justice, and Equitable Development. Retrieved Walsh, B. (2011, April 21). The BP Oil Spill: Forgetting the Lessons of Drilling in the Gulf.TIME.com. Retrieved from http://science.time.com/ Wright, Richard T. Boorse, Dorothy F.(2011) Environmental science : Toward a sustainable future. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. Gulf.TIME.com. Retrieved from http://science.time.com/ Wright, Richard T. Boorse, Dorothy F.(2011) Environmental science : Toward a sustainable future. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.

Sir Gawain Speaks :: Essays Papers

Sir Gawain Speaks This monologue represents an exercise in creative writing. It was created to convey something that Sir Gawain might say: Sir Gawain I am, and I am very pleased to meet you. I've just returned from the Green Chapel where I suffered the most humiliating experience at the hands of the Green Knight. I did my best to uphold the code of chivalry by being courteous, truthful and loyal. Somehow I let my guard down and failed. And yet, the Green Knight and my companions of the Round Table laughed at my situation. For some reason they do not see that I've failed; instead they seem to think that I've just been human. But I still feel that is no excuse... You see, the Green Knight showed up at Uncle Arthur's New Year's celebration and offered a challenge. Uncle Arthur was going to take it. But I, being the weakest, thought the loss of my life would be less great. I took the challenge to uphold the honor of the Round Table. I struck the Green Knight and off his head rolled. But he just picked up his head and rode out of the hall. I guess it was then I knew I was in trouble. A year passed quickly, and it was time I set out to meet the Knight to receive the return blow. On Christmas Eve I found myself a welcomed guest at the castle of Sir Bercilak. The whole time I was there I was unable to put my impending death at The Green Chapel out of my mind. Bercilak and I had a deal that whatever we won each day, we would turn over to the other. He hunted furiously while I rested at the castle. Each night he offered me the fruits of the hunt while I offered him no more than the kisses I received from his wife, which leads me to my next point. Bercilak's wife was so insistent! I was constantly conscious of her feelings, and I tried to rebuff her with the utmost courtesy. After all, I did not want to be rude.

Berlin Wall Essay

What Was the Berlin Wall? The Berlin Wall was both the physical division between West Berlin and East Germany from 1961 to 1989 and the symbolic boundary between democracy and Communism during the Cold War. Dates: August 13, 1961 — November 9, 1989 Overview of the Berlin Wall The Berlin Wall was erected in the dead of night and for 28 years kept East Germans from fleeing to the West. Its destruction, which was nearly as instantaneous as its creation, was celebrated around the world. A Divided Berlin At the end of World War II, the Allied powers divided conquered Germany into four zones, each occupied by either the United States, Great Britain, France, or the Soviet Union (as agreed at the Potsdam Conference). The same was done with Germany’s capital city, Berlin. As the relationship between the Soviet Union and the other three Allied powers quickly disintegrated, the cooperative atmosphere of the occupation of Germany turned competitive and aggressive. Although an eventual reunification of Germany had been intended, the new relationship between the Allied powers turned Germany into West versus East, democracy versus Communism. In 1949, this new organization of Germany became official when the three zones occupied by the United States, Great Britain, and France combined to form West Germany (the Federal Republic of Germany). The zone occupied by the Soviet Union quickly followed by forming East Germany (the German Democratic Republic). This same division into West and East occurred in Berlin. Since the city of Berlin had been situated entirely within the Soviet zone of occupation, West Berlin became an island of democracy within Communist East Germany. Mass Emigration Within a short period of time after the war, living conditions in West Germany and East Germany became distinctly different. With the help and support of its occupying powers, West Germany set up a capitalist society and experienced such a rapid growth of their economy that it became known as the â€Å"economic miracle.† With hard work, individuals living in West Germany were able to live well, buy gadgets and appliances, and to travel as they  wished. Nearly the opposite was true in East Germany. Since the Soviet Union had viewed their zone as a spoil of war, the Soviets pilfered factory equipment and other valuable assets from their zone and shipped them back to the Soviet Union. When East Germany became its own country, it was under the direct influence of the Soviet Union and thus a Communist society was established. In East Germany, the economy dragged and individual freedoms were severely restricted. By the late 1950s, many people living in East Germany wanted out. No longer able to stand the repressive living conditions of East Germany, they would pack up their bags and head to West Berlin. Although some of them would be stopped on their way, hundreds of thousands of others made it across the border. Once across, these refugees were housed in warehouses and then flown to West Germany. Many of those who escaped were young, trained professionals. By the early 1960s, East Germany was rapidly losing both its labor force and its population. Having already lost 2.5 million people by 1961, East Germany desperately needed to stop this mass exodus. The obvious leak was the easy access East Germans had to West Berlin. With the support of the Soviet Union, there had been several attempts to simply take over West Berlin in order to eliminate this exit point. Although the Soviet Union even threatened the United States with the use of nuclear weapons over this issue, the United States and other Western countries were committed to defending West Berlin. Desp erate to keep its citizens, East Germany decided to build a wall to prevent them from crossing the border. The Berlin Wall Goes Up There had been rumors that something might happen to tighten the border of East and West Berlin, but no one was expecting the speed nor the absoluteness of the Wall. Just past midnight on the night of August 12-13, 1961, trucks with soldiers and construction workers rumbled through East Berlin. While most Berliners were sleeping, these crews began tearing up streets that entered into West Berlin, dug holes to put up concrete posts, and strung barbed wire all across the border between East and West Berlin. Telephone wires between East and West Berlin were also cut. Berliners were shocked when they woke up that morning. What had once been a very fluid border was now rigid. No longer could East Berliners cross the border for  operas, plays, soccer games, etc. No longer could the approximately 60,000 commuters head to West Berlin for well-paying jobs. No longer could families, friends, and lovers cross the border to meet their loved ones. Whichever side of the border one went to sleep on during the night of August 12, they were stuck on that side for decades. The Size and Scope of the Berlin Wall The Berlin Wall stretched over a hundred miles. It ran not only through the center of Berlin, but also wrapped around West Berlin, entirely cutting West Berlin off from the rest of East Germany. The wall itself went through four major transformations during its 28-year history. The Berlin Wall started out as a barbed-wire fence with concrete posts, but just a few days after the first fence was placed, it was quickly replaced with a sturdier, more permanent structure made out of concrete blocks, topped with barbed wire. The first two versions of the wall (barbed wire and concrete blocks) were replaced by the hird version of the Berlin Wall in 1965. This version consisted of a concrete wall, supported by steel girders. The fourth version of the Berlin Wall, constructed from 1975 to 1980, was the most complicated and thorough. It consisted of concrete slabs reaching nearly 12-feet high (3.6 m) and 4-feet wide (1.2 m), plus it had a smooth pipe running across the top to hinder people from scaling the Wall. And tentatively approached the border and indeed found that the border guards were letting people cross. Very quickly, the Berlin Wall was inundated with people from both sides. Some began chipping at the Berlin Wall with hammers and chisels. There was an impromptu huge celebration along the Berlin Wall, with people hugging, kissing, singing, cheering, and crying. The Berlin Wall was eventually chipped away, into smaller pieces (some the size of a coin and others in big slabs). The pieces have become collectibles and are stored in both homes and museums. After the Berlin Wall came down, East and West Germany reunified into a single German state on October 3, 1990.

Media Violence Outline Essay

I. Introduction A. Thesis Statement You are what you watch. Easy to say, and not too difficult to imagine either. A little over a decade ago, two boys who later became household names in America, Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold walked into Columbine High School in Colorado and went on a mass murdering spree where they killed 12 students, 1 teacher and injured 23 others before shooting themselves (Anderson & Dill, 2008). While their motives behind doing so cannot be ascertained, one possible contributing element which did surface was the influence of violent video games. At the risk of oversimplifying what is possibly a complex psychological minefield, Harris and Klebold did enjoy playing a game called Doom, which is licensed by the American military for the purpose of training soldiers to kill effectively. Harris had customized his own version of this game and put it up on his website, which was later tracked by The Simon Wisenthal Center (Anderson & Dill, 2008). This version of the game had two shooters with an unlimited supply of weapons and ammunition, and their targets lacked the ability to retaliate. A class project required them to make a video of themselves similar to the game, and in it, they dressed in trench coats, armed with weapons, and conduct the massacre of school athletes. Less than one year had gone by when Harris and Klebold played their videotape out, in real life, and became the protagonists of the deadliest high school shooting in U.S. history (Anderson & Dill, 2008). II. Body paragraph #1 There is nothing new about the presence of violence in our tools of entertainment. Whether they were ancient Greek dramas, theatre in the Elizabethan era or the modern electronic dramas of today, a healthy dose of violence was never missing. In Macbeth for instance, Shakespeare showed Macbeth’s head being brought on stage at the end of the play (Bushman & Anderson, 2001). The Great Train Robbery, an 11-minute film directed by Edwin S. Porter was the first firm considered to tell a story in a systematic manner. In one scene, he shows an intense scene where a cowboy fires a pistol directly at the camera, which when first showed to audiences, had them running out of the theaters in disarray and fear (Bushman & Anderson, 2001). A. Since the advent of media itself, there have been countless studies on the connection between depiction of violence in media and its occurrence in real life. B. Discussions, debates, conclusions and grey areas have all been further examined and while television is the most prominent target of accusations, comic books, jazz, rock and roll music and video games have not escaped blame either. C. Research on this topic started as early as the 1960s when television was a recent entrant in the media fray and a causal connection has been derived between media violence and aggressive behavior. III. Body paragraph #2 Opponents fuss over the definition and measurement of media violence, does actual physical bodily harm constitute violence or can a threatening statement also be deemed so? Then, does media violence cause aggression, or are the two simply associated? Consistency of the relationship also causes doubts over agreed upon data when the example of Japan is quoted, where violent media is extremely common, yet crime rates are significantly low  (Anderson & Dill, 2008). Then is media solely to blame for violence in society? Doesn’t that take the blame away from a lot of other contributing factors in society itself and make the argument generally unrealistic? A. All these issues and thorny areas can be settled by the simple logic of the social learning theory which proposes that when people see that a certain behavior causes positive or desired results, there is a high probability of them imitating and enacting that behavior (in this case, violent) themselves (Anderson & Dill, 2008). B. So while the strength of the relationship and the presence of other factors and the measurement of violence itself can be debated till the end of time, the fact remains, when children view aggressive behavior and violence in cartoons, video games, movies, as well as on the internet, it encourages similar tendencies in them and these children are more likely to be aggressive as children and later as adults. C. Research started as early as 1956 when researchers analyzed and compared the behavior of 24 children, half of whom had watched an episode of the cartoon Woody Woodpecker with distinct depictions of aggressive behavior, while the other half were exposed to the cartoon The Little Red Hen which did not depict any violence at all (Huesmann. 2003). IV. Body paragraph #3 Studies have also shown that the kind of violence which affects their psyche and causes them to model their behavior as depicted in media is when they can associate real life with the situation depicted, because they can identify with the character responsible for the violence and observe him/her/it getting rewarded for the violence. A. Research conducted by Boyatzis, Matillo and Nesbit (Gunter & McAleer, 1997) proved earlier theories about media violence getting encoded in the cognitive map of viewers and subsequently instigating violent thoughts and acts upon repeated viewings. B. The popular children’s series Mighty Morphin Power Rangers was used to prove that after watching a single episode from this show, children incorporated more aggression into their play with other children. C. Results showed that children who had seen the episode became significantly more aggressive at play the following day as compared to the children from the control group: V. Body paragraph #4 TV is not the sole culprit in this regard. Other mediums and tools of entertainment have an equal role to play. In â€Å"Effects of Video Games on Aggressive Thoughts and Behaviors During Development†, Koojimans (2004) explains the General Aggression Model – the name coined for the phenomenon which explains how video games and their depictions of violence influence people and make them more susceptible of indulging in violent behavior themselves. This model elaborates on how various situational and personological factors combine to influence a person’s internal state which includes his thoughts, feelings and physical arousals (Koojimans, 2004). A. Research conducted on video games by Nicoll and Kieffer, presented to the American Psychological Association as â€Å"Violence in Video Games: A Review of the Empirical Research† found that youth upon playing a violent video game, if only for a short while, displayed more aggressive behavior than before (Nicoll & Kieffer, 2005). B. Another study was conducted with more than 600 students of 8th and 9th grade as participants and showed that children who played more video games also had more of a tendency to get involved in arguments with their seniors and other teachers, and they would also be more likely to get into physical rows with their peers (Nicoll & Kieffer, 2005). C. Not only that but it was also found that children who spent more time watching video games imitate the characters they acted out in the video game and their moves while playing with their friends. VI. Conclusion The plethora of research knowledge available about the effects of violence in the media definitely supports initial concerns about media violence as well as the efforts to control its harmful effects. While causality can be debated till time eternal, what can’t be denied and what should absolutely not be brushed under the carpet for any longer is that a steady diet of violence does in fact instigate violent tendencies in viewers, be it through violent television programs, movies, cartoons, video games or any other forms of entertainment which incorporate violence in various forms. Media today plays a key role in nourishing children’s minds, and for the larger case of public health and societal betterment, we need to ensure that we provide more nourishing fare for our children and youth. Reducing their exposure to violent media is definitely the first step in the right direction, with the potential to yield positive benefits. An intervention is needed before we start reaping the seeds of aggression and rebellion that have been planted in young minds owing to careless media policies. References Anderson, Craig and Karen Dill. â€Å"Video Games and Aggressive Thoughts, Feelings, and Behavior in the Laboratory and in Life.† Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 78 (2008): 772-790. Bushman, Brad and Craig Anderson. â€Å"Media Violence and the American Public: Scientific Fact Versus Media Misinformation† American Psychologist 56 (2001): 477-489. Gunter, Barry and Jill McAleer. Children and Television (second edition), Routledge: London, 1997. Huesmann, L. Rowell, Jessica Moise-Titus, Cheryll-Lynn Podolski, and Leonard Eron. â€Å"Longitudinal Relations between Children’s Exposure to TV Violence and their Aggressive and Violent Behavior in Young Adulthood: 1977-1992.† Developmental Psychology 39 (2003): 201-221. Kooijmans, Thomas. â€Å"Effects of Video Games on Aggressive Thoughts and Behaviors During Development†. Rochester Institute of Technology. 2004 Nicoll, Jessica and Kevin M. Kieffer. â€Å"Violence in Video Games: A Review of the Empirical Research.† Presentation to the American Psychological Association, August 2005.