Different Perspectives On Change Within Organisations Case Study

Different Perspectives On Change Within Organisations - Case Study Example The forms of change as part of the organizational activity are not standardized; they are likely to be differentiated under the influence of the internal and external organizational environment and the business goals and vision. The different perspectives on change within organizations are critically discussed in this paper. Emphasis is given on the reasons of this phenomenon but also on the role of the members of the organization in the potential expansion of the problem. It is concluded that change, as an element of the organizational environment is unavoidable; in fact, in many cases, organizational change is quite necessary in order to enhance organizational performance. However, the development of extensive disputes in regard to the change management practices used within organizations could result in severe organizational crisis. 2. Change in modern organizations 2.1 Description of organizational change In the context of organizational environment, the term change is used in or der to describe a wide range of issues (activities and ideas); in certain cases, the above term is combined with other terms in order to make its role clear; an indicative example is term ‘consistency of change’ (Bradford et al. ...2005, p.196). Another important characteristic of organizational change is that it is likely to be promoted within each organization using different techniques; an indicative example is the ‘unfreeze-change-refreeze model’ (Holbeche 2006, p.234) which is based on the principle that in order for a plan of change to be successfully implemented within a particular organization it would be necessary to delete primarily the mechanisms which prevent the development of change within the organization, then the change can be implemented and the deleted mechanisms could be re-established – or, alternatively, new ones could be established taking into consideration the changes in the organizational operations because of the implementa tion of the relevant plan of change. At this point, reference could be made to the study of Weick and Quinn (1999) who referred to ‘the episodic change – the change which occurs at specific points of time – and the continuous change – a process which is likely to take place continuously’ (Anderson 2009, 62) – or at least, at such frequency that there can be no issue of episodic change. In terms of the time of its implementation, a plan of change needs to be carefully reviewed; this issue is highlighted in the study of Holbeche (2006) where it is noted that if changes are not introduced on time within a particular organization, i.e. immediately when relevant organizational needs are identified, then this delay would result to the need for major changes in the future (Holbeche 2006, 5); in other words, organizational changes cannot be avoided; they can be only delayed.

Critically analyse the the Mosaic and new Covenants, showing their Essay

Critically analyse the the Mosaic and new Covenants, showing their relationship to the death, burial and resurrection of Jesus Christ - Essay Example zing the Mosaic and new covenants in relation to death, burial, and resurrection of Jesus Christ, let us first comprehend what a covenant is in biblical stipulations. A covenant is only a formal treaty between at least two parties amongst the agreed sides. According to the Hebrew Bible, a covenant is used in translating the Hebrew word birth (ב× ¨Ã—™× ª) Meaning covenant cutting or cutting in referral to sacrificing (Barr, 1999: 4-17). The scriptures had three major covenants namely, the covenant of Abraham, the old covenant and lastly the new covenant. In all three covenants, it is clear that God is the dominant party in his quest to establish a covenant with all his creation. It is vital to acknowledge that God’s covenant reveals his will; hence allowing humanity to look no further in order to understand God’s desires. Both the Mosaic and new covenants show how God is ready to reunite with humankind. Understanding the covenants is important in knowing a detailed between God and the Hebrews, in the Old Testament. The old covenants are found in the Old Testament; they include the covenant of Abraham and the covenant of Mosaic. The Covenant of Abraham was formed between God (YHWH) and Abram. Moreover, according to (Genesis 12:1), the covenants terms are handed to Abram when God commands him to leave his homeland Ur, to a new place. According to the scriptures of Genesis 17:9-14, Abraham is told by God to circumcise all male offspring as a symbol of the agreement. In return for Abraham’s obedience as well as that of his descendants, God’s promise to Abraham is that of making a great nation, as well as having many blessings (Pate, 2004: 29). The second main covenant found in the Old Testament is that of the Mosaic Covenant. Exodus 19 through to chapter 24 shows that the covenant has the basis for the Torah and is the promise of God to make Israel the chosen land (Exodus 19:5-5) as long as terms of the covenant are preserved. The covenants basic terms included

Strategies for Environmental Sustainability

Strategies for Environmental Sustainability Environments consequences It is past time for all the people of every nation has to participate in the search for more sustainable communities. This effort is vital for the worldwide population so there will really be a planet for our kids and their kids to live in the future. An environment sustainable movement is recommended for every nation to have a real chance in returning earth into its natural balance. With the planet population becoming the more discriminating, factor each day, it will be critical to alter to the dwindling carrying limit of the planet. The worldwide population is in excess of seven billion individuals today, and the projections point to the overall increasing to between eight and ten and a half billion in the coming year 2050 (Dale, 2011). It must be central to be extremely adept in resident flight, trade and industry diversity and success, natural possibility, and the longing of people to live in such a sensible community. The major justification behind the anxiety is that natural re sources are coming to be scarce. Supposing that we were to examine the world’s health at present, what might we find? One might notice four worldwide developments that are especially unhealthy: (1) increasing populace development and its adverse impacts on human well-being, (2) a decline of indispensable ecosystem services, (3) the destructive impacts of worldwide climate change, and (4) a misfortune of biodiversity (Wright Boorse, 2011). Human over dependence on fossil fuel comes with a price and we are now beginning to see that the cost may be too much. Our planet clean water supply is dwelling fast due to the populace and the lack of seasonal rain in some areas due to global warming is not making thing better At our present rate this is undeniably unsustainable, worldwide climate change is glaring us square in the face because of this abuse. For these perilous reasons, the time is at present to start action. The creating of sustainable neighborhoods through green action t echniques, and a major decreasing of fossil fuel consumption is an elementary key for human endurance. The trepidations of human to continued fossil fuel usage; first we must identify what they are how they came to be, as well as where the consequence of their continue use. History tells us that before man stood on two feet millions of years ago, the dinosaurs walked the Earth, at that time, the planet had countless numbers of swamp areas, and abundant plants, and the ocean was full with algae. This time is known as the Carboniferous Period (Dale 2011). Dated between three hundred sixty (360) and two hundred eighty six (286) million years ago as its name suggests, the growth of carbon in living matter was a characteristic dominant of the period. When the vegetation perished, they derived to the lowest part of the swamps as well as oceans, where layers of peat were shaped (a tan, typically soggy material comprising at any rate in part of decayed vegetable matter). Those deposits were then held by sand in addition to more peat, and over time, it came to be progressively compacted. The e nsuing phase might be the mass of material crushing out the part of the water that occurred between the layers, or remains of plant life that had previously existed. Over a period of years, this substance converted into what is identified as oil, coal, commonly stated to as fossil fuels (Dale 2011). These are the main energy sources for the earth. They contribute more than ninety (90) percent of the energy exhausted worldwide (Botkin Keller 2011). The concern with this is they are finite. Coal, oil, and common gas are not renewable resources. These natural resources are being depleted at a disturbing rate for the most part, since the Industrial Revolution (McConnell Abel 2008). The abuse of these energy sources has placed the Earth’s populace ay a stage where we need to think of alternate energy sources. The using of the resources has made several known environmental problems for example air and water contamination, acid rain, and undoubtedly global warming. Coal oil and natural gas account for ninety (90) percent of the energy used by the global populace, they also accounted for seventy five (75) percent of the carbon discharges for the planet as well (Botkin and Keller 2011). The over-all adverse impacts from the abuse of fossil fuels since the Industrial Revolution and the beginning of climate change. Some scientist has stated that climate change is a natural global cycle. However, the ten hottest years on record happened in the 20th century. In 2005, a new record was set for worldwide temperature—the hottest year ever since the late 1800s. Since the mid-1970s, the normal worldwide temperature has climbed 0.2 °C for every decade. Global warming is occurring in particularly rapid at high latitudes predominantly in the Northern Hemisphere. Mainly because of the continued gr owths in anthropogenic greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, the apparent warming is recognized to be the result of an â€Å"improved greenhouse impact† (Wright Boorse, 2011). Coal has the most harmful effect and long-term impacts on the earth eco system and human health. The extracting of coal leads to destruction the area, as well as nearby bodies of water. When coal has been extracted, rail and trucks typically transport it. These delivery systems have an effect on the atmosphere as well as the roadways. Nonetheless, as naturally worsening as it is to remove and transport coal, burning it for energy is maybe the most damaging. Coal is essentially carbon, and when burned it releases additional carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere (Dale 2011). Coal burning power plants releases other pollutants into the atmosphere besides C02, mercury as well as arsenic; both are harmful to human as well as the environment. Nearly all the energy we human use contains a number of environme ntal concerns; yet, fossil fuels will leave a much larger carbon footprint (Dale 2011). Essentially, there are major drawbacks when talking about the recovery and utilization of fossil fuels. While a few benefits may include economic success for a few countries and companies, the most important is what best for man and the planet. It is apparent for government to fund research of other means of energy to transfer from fossil fuel dependence to renewable energy sources. Global warming, diminishing of natural resources, as well as long term health risk of every human warrants an immediate re-action to curb the use of fossil fuels. The crucial steps we must take is planning a diverse agenda of energy sources with a mix of both fossil fuel as well alternative that someday replace fossil fuel. Scientific has established that there is a limited amount of natural resources left (McConnell Abel 2008). The human population exploded rapidly, so has the demand for more the natural resources. It took decades and thousands of pounds and gallon of use to realize that these resources could not sustain the demand and the damage these sources will do to the environment, and when these resources are depleted, there are gone for good. Sadly, what is an incomprehensible is these resources are being mine without any constraint or thought of the future consequences, sustainable choices for the future must be tended to or cataclysmic occasions will plague the planet (Dale 2011). Achieving sustainability will call for the more widespread exploitation of a variety of alternative energy sources and a lesser amount of dependence on fossil fuels. Renewable energy like wind, solar naturally recharged unlike fossil fuels, which are in limited supply. Renewable energy can provide the energy we need and perhaps reverse the situation we now face. Renewable energy has both minor scale and larger scale applications it brings about considerably lower emissions of greenhouse gases, less air poll ution, and lesser waste outputs in general. Although renewable energy sources it are in it earliest stages compared fossil fuel. In 2009, the United States acquired 8.2% of its total energy and 10.5% of its electricity from renewable sources (Dale 2011). Conferring to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), as well as the Ontario Round Table on Environment and Economy, there are six managing standards for sustainable advancement (EPA 2012): †¢ Anticipation and avoidance of possible environmental degradation. Avoid pollution before it occurs. As we know, environmental degradation can occur naturally or thru neglect of human activities in some area there are major oil spills that results in loss of an local environment deforestation has destroyed countless of natural habitat †¢ Complete cost accounting. Natural resources air, land, water, soils, wilderness, forests and wildlife are the fundamental base of the entire economic activity. Nature is like a retail store that is perfectly willing to sell us the resources at cost price. However, what is the cost price? Like any business deal, the seller must not be worse off than before. For the withdrawal of any resource, the price must be at least that which reimburses nature for any damage done to her while consuming it. Using this principle in the entire areas will give economic incentives for clever resource usage. †¢ Informed choice-making creating (environment-economy coordination). Sustainable development needs the union of environmental and economic contemplations in decision-making. Documentation must be provided for the short and long-term outcomes of these decisions. In addition, the decision must be dependent upon sound data. In addition, the individuals who settle on economic must be liable for the environmental outcomes of those decisions. †¢ Living off the investment (doing superior with less). This statute treats the constrained natural resources as a feature of capital fortune. Such natural assets must be displaced as it is drained, or else be reused or recycled. If not, individuals will bankrupt themselves similarly as though they had used the greater part of their fiscal resources. †¢ Quality over amount. Making a sustainable society involve in transforming their way of life, state of mind, outlooks, behaviors and standards. An increasing awareness on excellence of economic development will bring about in smarter production and consumption patterns †¢ Admiration for nature and the privileges of forthcoming generations. The economy depends on not only on the continuous stream of resources as well as on the insurance and upgrade of ecosystems and habitats. The choice-making process must distinguish not only todays necessities, but also the necessities of future groups by assuring that a extended and adequate prospect is used in the assessment procedure (EPA, 2012). Achieving support for these rules will not be easy, and will undoubtedly be met with a number of oppositions. Nevertheless, to lessen the dependence on oil, coal and natural gas, it will require a global effort. Lessening the adverse effects of nonrenewable energies will pressure all nations to adopt groundbreaking energy procedures and penalties for exploitation. Having extreme consequences for not abiding by prompted policies will be the best way to pressure the worldwide population to join as one to preserve this planet. One cannot dialog about fossil fuels without speaking on the extreme environmental effects they have had on our planet. Global warming is a reality whether politician are will to admit or not and major piece of this discussion. Consistent with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association (NOAA), the principal decade of the new millennium was the warmest ever documented. Climate change has turned into a constant concern and is not getting it the consideration as it should. Normally spring is consider a time for tornadoes but recently fall has taken that spot 12 tornadoes struck Nebraska and Iowa Oct. 4-5, 2013, causing millions of dollars of damage. These October storms underscore the fact that spring is not the only season for dangerous tornadoes. Global warming is attribute to more devastating flash floods ,Tropical Cyclones, Tornado, Tsunami, Wildfire, Drought, Hailstorm, Heat Wave, Hurricane, Epidemic, Notwithstanding to global warming, environmental disasters have gone to the lead of planetary problems for society to manage with (Dale 2011). On March 24, 1989, the oil tanker of Exxon Valdez bumped into the Bligh Reef, leaking about 11 million gallons (10.8) of oil rights within the sound (Oceana 2012). The leak hit in excess of one thousand three hundred (1300) miles over the coastline, it caused the death of hundreds of thousands of marine life, and cost an excess of three hundred million (300,000,000) dollars of financial damage to more than thirty two thousand (32,000) individuals whose lives depend on fishing (Oceana 2012). This data is significantly dreadful, however, compared with the amounts of oil and prices, a drop in the bucket in contrast with the most devastating oil slick on record for America (Walsh 2011). This might be clearly the BP greatest accident of April 20, 2010 the Deepwater Horizon oilrig explosion located in the Gulf of Mexico (BP 2013).Spurring millions of gallon of oil into the Gulf it was estimate that 100, 000 of gallon was being release daily There should not be any argument about situation the earth and its ecosystems is in at this moment because of man and their development in population and manufacturing/technology. In the event that population growth is not maintain, and man continue to deplete resources at an unsustainable rate, abnormal weather pattern will increase storms will intensify global warming will proceed to a point of no return. Man goal should be leaving less of a carbon footprint so we can leave this world a little better off than it was when we can. The only way is to through the decline of fossil fuel consumption and an aggressive approach on renewable energy; this should be the primary objective of the occupants of this world .To ensure this, society enjoy the beauty of natural all that dwell within it and give a promise of future generation that same opportunity. We must live a lifestyle that does not destroy the place we call home. The question remain are we will to make a sacrifice now for the ens uring of the future for our kids the decision lies with us. Addressing climate change is not an issue to which there is a scientific answer. Ethical issues are not beyond the scope of reason, and I attempt to examine different ideologies and tactics with a opinion to reaching a reasoned opinion about which principles and approach is vital towards finding common ground, to a sustainable future. References BP (2012, December 20). Deepwater Horizon Accident and Response. Retrieved from http://www.bp.com/ Botkin, D.B., Keller, E.A.(2011).Environmental Science: Earth is a Living Planet.(8thed).Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley. Dale, L. (2011). Environmental Policy. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education. McConnell, R. L., Abel, D. C., (2008). Environmental issues: An introduction to sustainability (3rd ed.). New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. Oceana | Protecting the Worlds Oceans. (2012, March 20).Oceana. Retrieved from http://oceana.org/en/our-work/stop-ocean-pollution/oil-pollution/learn-act/exxon-valdez-oil-spill-facts United States, EPA, Smart Growth. (2013, February 4). Creating Equitable, Healthy, and Sustainable Communities: Strategies for Advancing Smart Growth, Environmental Justice, and Equitable Development. Retrieved Walsh, B. (2011, April 21). The BP Oil Spill: Forgetting the Lessons of Drilling in the BP (2012, December 20). Deepwater Horizon Accident and Response. Retrieved from http://www.bp.com/ Botkin, D.B., Keller, E.A.(2011).Environmental Science: Earth is a Living Planet.(8thed).Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley. Dale, L. (2011). Environmental Policy. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education. McConnell, R. L., Abel, D. C., (2008). Environmental issues: An introduction to sustainability (3rd ed.). New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. Oceana | Protecting the Worlds Oceans. (2012, March 20).Oceana. Retrieved from http://oceana.org/en/our-work/stop-ocean-pollution/oil-pollution/learn-act/exxon-valdez-oil-spill-facts United States, EPA, Smart Growth. (2013, February 4). Creating Equitable, Healthy, and Sustainable Communities: Strategies for Advancing Smart Growth, Environmental Justice, and Equitable Development. Retrieved Walsh, B. (2011, April 21). The BP Oil Spill: Forgetting the Lessons of Drilling in the Gulf.TIME.com. Retrieved from http://science.time.com/ Wright, Richard T. Boorse, Dorothy F.(2011) Environmental science : Toward a sustainable future. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. Gulf.TIME.com. Retrieved from http://science.time.com/ Wright, Richard T. Boorse, Dorothy F.(2011) Environmental science : Toward a sustainable future. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.

Sir Gawain Speaks :: Essays Papers

Sir Gawain Speaks This monologue represents an exercise in creative writing. It was created to convey something that Sir Gawain might say: Sir Gawain I am, and I am very pleased to meet you. I've just returned from the Green Chapel where I suffered the most humiliating experience at the hands of the Green Knight. I did my best to uphold the code of chivalry by being courteous, truthful and loyal. Somehow I let my guard down and failed. And yet, the Green Knight and my companions of the Round Table laughed at my situation. For some reason they do not see that I've failed; instead they seem to think that I've just been human. But I still feel that is no excuse... You see, the Green Knight showed up at Uncle Arthur's New Year's celebration and offered a challenge. Uncle Arthur was going to take it. But I, being the weakest, thought the loss of my life would be less great. I took the challenge to uphold the honor of the Round Table. I struck the Green Knight and off his head rolled. But he just picked up his head and rode out of the hall. I guess it was then I knew I was in trouble. A year passed quickly, and it was time I set out to meet the Knight to receive the return blow. On Christmas Eve I found myself a welcomed guest at the castle of Sir Bercilak. The whole time I was there I was unable to put my impending death at The Green Chapel out of my mind. Bercilak and I had a deal that whatever we won each day, we would turn over to the other. He hunted furiously while I rested at the castle. Each night he offered me the fruits of the hunt while I offered him no more than the kisses I received from his wife, which leads me to my next point. Bercilak's wife was so insistent! I was constantly conscious of her feelings, and I tried to rebuff her with the utmost courtesy. After all, I did not want to be rude.

Berlin Wall Essay

What Was the Berlin Wall? The Berlin Wall was both the physical division between West Berlin and East Germany from 1961 to 1989 and the symbolic boundary between democracy and Communism during the Cold War. Dates: August 13, 1961 — November 9, 1989 Overview of the Berlin Wall The Berlin Wall was erected in the dead of night and for 28 years kept East Germans from fleeing to the West. Its destruction, which was nearly as instantaneous as its creation, was celebrated around the world. A Divided Berlin At the end of World War II, the Allied powers divided conquered Germany into four zones, each occupied by either the United States, Great Britain, France, or the Soviet Union (as agreed at the Potsdam Conference). The same was done with Germany’s capital city, Berlin. As the relationship between the Soviet Union and the other three Allied powers quickly disintegrated, the cooperative atmosphere of the occupation of Germany turned competitive and aggressive. Although an eventual reunification of Germany had been intended, the new relationship between the Allied powers turned Germany into West versus East, democracy versus Communism. In 1949, this new organization of Germany became official when the three zones occupied by the United States, Great Britain, and France combined to form West Germany (the Federal Republic of Germany). The zone occupied by the Soviet Union quickly followed by forming East Germany (the German Democratic Republic). This same division into West and East occurred in Berlin. Since the city of Berlin had been situated entirely within the Soviet zone of occupation, West Berlin became an island of democracy within Communist East Germany. Mass Emigration Within a short period of time after the war, living conditions in West Germany and East Germany became distinctly different. With the help and support of its occupying powers, West Germany set up a capitalist society and experienced such a rapid growth of their economy that it became known as the â€Å"economic miracle.† With hard work, individuals living in West Germany were able to live well, buy gadgets and appliances, and to travel as they  wished. Nearly the opposite was true in East Germany. Since the Soviet Union had viewed their zone as a spoil of war, the Soviets pilfered factory equipment and other valuable assets from their zone and shipped them back to the Soviet Union. When East Germany became its own country, it was under the direct influence of the Soviet Union and thus a Communist society was established. In East Germany, the economy dragged and individual freedoms were severely restricted. By the late 1950s, many people living in East Germany wanted out. No longer able to stand the repressive living conditions of East Germany, they would pack up their bags and head to West Berlin. Although some of them would be stopped on their way, hundreds of thousands of others made it across the border. Once across, these refugees were housed in warehouses and then flown to West Germany. Many of those who escaped were young, trained professionals. By the early 1960s, East Germany was rapidly losing both its labor force and its population. Having already lost 2.5 million people by 1961, East Germany desperately needed to stop this mass exodus. The obvious leak was the easy access East Germans had to West Berlin. With the support of the Soviet Union, there had been several attempts to simply take over West Berlin in order to eliminate this exit point. Although the Soviet Union even threatened the United States with the use of nuclear weapons over this issue, the United States and other Western countries were committed to defending West Berlin. Desp erate to keep its citizens, East Germany decided to build a wall to prevent them from crossing the border. The Berlin Wall Goes Up There had been rumors that something might happen to tighten the border of East and West Berlin, but no one was expecting the speed nor the absoluteness of the Wall. Just past midnight on the night of August 12-13, 1961, trucks with soldiers and construction workers rumbled through East Berlin. While most Berliners were sleeping, these crews began tearing up streets that entered into West Berlin, dug holes to put up concrete posts, and strung barbed wire all across the border between East and West Berlin. Telephone wires between East and West Berlin were also cut. Berliners were shocked when they woke up that morning. What had once been a very fluid border was now rigid. No longer could East Berliners cross the border for  operas, plays, soccer games, etc. No longer could the approximately 60,000 commuters head to West Berlin for well-paying jobs. No longer could families, friends, and lovers cross the border to meet their loved ones. Whichever side of the border one went to sleep on during the night of August 12, they were stuck on that side for decades. The Size and Scope of the Berlin Wall The Berlin Wall stretched over a hundred miles. It ran not only through the center of Berlin, but also wrapped around West Berlin, entirely cutting West Berlin off from the rest of East Germany. The wall itself went through four major transformations during its 28-year history. The Berlin Wall started out as a barbed-wire fence with concrete posts, but just a few days after the first fence was placed, it was quickly replaced with a sturdier, more permanent structure made out of concrete blocks, topped with barbed wire. The first two versions of the wall (barbed wire and concrete blocks) were replaced by the hird version of the Berlin Wall in 1965. This version consisted of a concrete wall, supported by steel girders. The fourth version of the Berlin Wall, constructed from 1975 to 1980, was the most complicated and thorough. It consisted of concrete slabs reaching nearly 12-feet high (3.6 m) and 4-feet wide (1.2 m), plus it had a smooth pipe running across the top to hinder people from scaling the Wall. And tentatively approached the border and indeed found that the border guards were letting people cross. Very quickly, the Berlin Wall was inundated with people from both sides. Some began chipping at the Berlin Wall with hammers and chisels. There was an impromptu huge celebration along the Berlin Wall, with people hugging, kissing, singing, cheering, and crying. The Berlin Wall was eventually chipped away, into smaller pieces (some the size of a coin and others in big slabs). The pieces have become collectibles and are stored in both homes and museums. After the Berlin Wall came down, East and West Germany reunified into a single German state on October 3, 1990.

Media Violence Outline Essay

I. Introduction A. Thesis Statement You are what you watch. Easy to say, and not too difficult to imagine either. A little over a decade ago, two boys who later became household names in America, Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold walked into Columbine High School in Colorado and went on a mass murdering spree where they killed 12 students, 1 teacher and injured 23 others before shooting themselves (Anderson & Dill, 2008). While their motives behind doing so cannot be ascertained, one possible contributing element which did surface was the influence of violent video games. At the risk of oversimplifying what is possibly a complex psychological minefield, Harris and Klebold did enjoy playing a game called Doom, which is licensed by the American military for the purpose of training soldiers to kill effectively. Harris had customized his own version of this game and put it up on his website, which was later tracked by The Simon Wisenthal Center (Anderson & Dill, 2008). This version of the game had two shooters with an unlimited supply of weapons and ammunition, and their targets lacked the ability to retaliate. A class project required them to make a video of themselves similar to the game, and in it, they dressed in trench coats, armed with weapons, and conduct the massacre of school athletes. Less than one year had gone by when Harris and Klebold played their videotape out, in real life, and became the protagonists of the deadliest high school shooting in U.S. history (Anderson & Dill, 2008). II. Body paragraph #1 There is nothing new about the presence of violence in our tools of entertainment. Whether they were ancient Greek dramas, theatre in the Elizabethan era or the modern electronic dramas of today, a healthy dose of violence was never missing. In Macbeth for instance, Shakespeare showed Macbeth’s head being brought on stage at the end of the play (Bushman & Anderson, 2001). The Great Train Robbery, an 11-minute film directed by Edwin S. Porter was the first firm considered to tell a story in a systematic manner. In one scene, he shows an intense scene where a cowboy fires a pistol directly at the camera, which when first showed to audiences, had them running out of the theaters in disarray and fear (Bushman & Anderson, 2001). A. Since the advent of media itself, there have been countless studies on the connection between depiction of violence in media and its occurrence in real life. B. Discussions, debates, conclusions and grey areas have all been further examined and while television is the most prominent target of accusations, comic books, jazz, rock and roll music and video games have not escaped blame either. C. Research on this topic started as early as the 1960s when television was a recent entrant in the media fray and a causal connection has been derived between media violence and aggressive behavior. III. Body paragraph #2 Opponents fuss over the definition and measurement of media violence, does actual physical bodily harm constitute violence or can a threatening statement also be deemed so? Then, does media violence cause aggression, or are the two simply associated? Consistency of the relationship also causes doubts over agreed upon data when the example of Japan is quoted, where violent media is extremely common, yet crime rates are significantly low  (Anderson & Dill, 2008). Then is media solely to blame for violence in society? Doesn’t that take the blame away from a lot of other contributing factors in society itself and make the argument generally unrealistic? A. All these issues and thorny areas can be settled by the simple logic of the social learning theory which proposes that when people see that a certain behavior causes positive or desired results, there is a high probability of them imitating and enacting that behavior (in this case, violent) themselves (Anderson & Dill, 2008). B. So while the strength of the relationship and the presence of other factors and the measurement of violence itself can be debated till the end of time, the fact remains, when children view aggressive behavior and violence in cartoons, video games, movies, as well as on the internet, it encourages similar tendencies in them and these children are more likely to be aggressive as children and later as adults. C. Research started as early as 1956 when researchers analyzed and compared the behavior of 24 children, half of whom had watched an episode of the cartoon Woody Woodpecker with distinct depictions of aggressive behavior, while the other half were exposed to the cartoon The Little Red Hen which did not depict any violence at all (Huesmann. 2003). IV. Body paragraph #3 Studies have also shown that the kind of violence which affects their psyche and causes them to model their behavior as depicted in media is when they can associate real life with the situation depicted, because they can identify with the character responsible for the violence and observe him/her/it getting rewarded for the violence. A. Research conducted by Boyatzis, Matillo and Nesbit (Gunter & McAleer, 1997) proved earlier theories about media violence getting encoded in the cognitive map of viewers and subsequently instigating violent thoughts and acts upon repeated viewings. B. The popular children’s series Mighty Morphin Power Rangers was used to prove that after watching a single episode from this show, children incorporated more aggression into their play with other children. C. Results showed that children who had seen the episode became significantly more aggressive at play the following day as compared to the children from the control group: V. Body paragraph #4 TV is not the sole culprit in this regard. Other mediums and tools of entertainment have an equal role to play. In â€Å"Effects of Video Games on Aggressive Thoughts and Behaviors During Development†, Koojimans (2004) explains the General Aggression Model – the name coined for the phenomenon which explains how video games and their depictions of violence influence people and make them more susceptible of indulging in violent behavior themselves. This model elaborates on how various situational and personological factors combine to influence a person’s internal state which includes his thoughts, feelings and physical arousals (Koojimans, 2004). A. Research conducted on video games by Nicoll and Kieffer, presented to the American Psychological Association as â€Å"Violence in Video Games: A Review of the Empirical Research† found that youth upon playing a violent video game, if only for a short while, displayed more aggressive behavior than before (Nicoll & Kieffer, 2005). B. Another study was conducted with more than 600 students of 8th and 9th grade as participants and showed that children who played more video games also had more of a tendency to get involved in arguments with their seniors and other teachers, and they would also be more likely to get into physical rows with their peers (Nicoll & Kieffer, 2005). C. Not only that but it was also found that children who spent more time watching video games imitate the characters they acted out in the video game and their moves while playing with their friends. VI. Conclusion The plethora of research knowledge available about the effects of violence in the media definitely supports initial concerns about media violence as well as the efforts to control its harmful effects. While causality can be debated till time eternal, what can’t be denied and what should absolutely not be brushed under the carpet for any longer is that a steady diet of violence does in fact instigate violent tendencies in viewers, be it through violent television programs, movies, cartoons, video games or any other forms of entertainment which incorporate violence in various forms. Media today plays a key role in nourishing children’s minds, and for the larger case of public health and societal betterment, we need to ensure that we provide more nourishing fare for our children and youth. Reducing their exposure to violent media is definitely the first step in the right direction, with the potential to yield positive benefits. An intervention is needed before we start reaping the seeds of aggression and rebellion that have been planted in young minds owing to careless media policies. References Anderson, Craig and Karen Dill. â€Å"Video Games and Aggressive Thoughts, Feelings, and Behavior in the Laboratory and in Life.† Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 78 (2008): 772-790. Bushman, Brad and Craig Anderson. â€Å"Media Violence and the American Public: Scientific Fact Versus Media Misinformation† American Psychologist 56 (2001): 477-489. Gunter, Barry and Jill McAleer. Children and Television (second edition), Routledge: London, 1997. Huesmann, L. Rowell, Jessica Moise-Titus, Cheryll-Lynn Podolski, and Leonard Eron. â€Å"Longitudinal Relations between Children’s Exposure to TV Violence and their Aggressive and Violent Behavior in Young Adulthood: 1977-1992.† Developmental Psychology 39 (2003): 201-221. Kooijmans, Thomas. â€Å"Effects of Video Games on Aggressive Thoughts and Behaviors During Development†. Rochester Institute of Technology. 2004 Nicoll, Jessica and Kevin M. Kieffer. â€Å"Violence in Video Games: A Review of the Empirical Research.† Presentation to the American Psychological Association, August 2005.

Compare the Different Attitudes to War Shown in the Poetry of Tennyson and Owen Essays

Compare the Different Attitudes to War Shown in the Poetry of Tennyson and Owen Essays Compare the Different Attitudes to War Shown in the Poetry of Tennyson and Owen Paper Compare the Different Attitudes to War Shown in the Poetry of Tennyson and Owen Paper O the wild charge they made! Tennyson was a poet Laureate and was writing poems because he enjoyed it, whereas Owen wrote his poem to warn unsuspecting soldiers of the danger. Tennysons main aim of his poem was to glorify the victory of the soldiers and he wants to make the war sound glamerous and used this to great affectiveness, Honour the charge they made! , this signals that he wants other people to respect the brave attempts of the soldiers. While Owen wants to tell people of his horrific experiences as a world war one soldier in the trenches , Owens intentions were to explain the diabolical conditions in these trenches Many had lost their boots, but limped on, blood shod. I think that it is obvious that he is making the point that the trenches were wet and sodden, and also how unfortunate the soldiers were. The poems are very different in the way they are formed as Dulce et Decorum est begins at a slow pace, whereas the charge of the light brigade starts at a face pace, Tennyson continues the slow pace until he builds up to a faster climax. Owen continues the fast pace throughout the poem Cannon to the right of them, cannon to the left of them, cannon behind them. This is the fast paced Charge of the Light Brigade. Tennyson uses repetition for emphasis Theirs not to make reply, theirs not to reason why, theirs not to do and die. This does emphasise to the reader the bravery of the men as they didnt question what was asked of them. However Owen uses similes to describe the mens suffering Like old beggars this portrays the exhaustion of the soldiers as they make their way through the trenches. The title of Wilfred Owens poem Dulce et Decorum est is in contrast with the poem, as the old Latin phrase means it is sweet and fitting to die for there country, whereas the poem actually means, people should not die in such a terrible way. Tennyson again uses repetition Cannon to the left of them, cannon to the right of them, cannon in front of them, it emphasises the intensity of the sound. He also uses metaphors to exagerate the horror that the men were facing Valley of death, this is the place where the battle was occuring. Tennyson emphisises the orders given to the soldiers Charge for the gas the men followed all the orders that were said beacause they were extremely brave. Owen uses very descriptive words all the way through his poem from start to finsih Of tired outstripped five-nines that dropped behind, this is very descriptive as it shows how tired the men were and the many bombs that were being dropped. The two poems are so different because Owen faught in the war and is talking in first hand evidence but whereas Tennyson used secondary evidence to write his poem. Tennysons poem The Charge of the Light Brigade starts slow with a march Half a league, half a league onward this means they are marching and prodding along slowly. This is a very slow opening, then Tennyson begins explaining the battle ground and calling it The Valley of Death. The line that reads Rode the six hundred it is repeated through the poem to show that the soldiers stuck together throughout the battle, and followed there orders. Owen however gives the reader the image of a very horrific time for the soldiers and starts off showing ,in first hand evidence, the appauling conditions that the men had to suffer, Tennyson starts off slow then builds uo to a climax which is very thunderous Charge for the Guns, he said; into the valley of death this is the build up to the climax of the poem, this poem becomes extremely fast paced and furocious Cannon to the left of them, cannon to the right of them, cannon in front of them. This is the fastest part of the poem and is repeated at a further point in the poem, when they are retreating after there battle, Cannon to the left of them, cannon to the right of them, cannon behind them this states that the men are coming away from the battle, while leaving it still at a maximum, but having completed their mission which was to charge for the guns. The use of writing tecniques throughout the two poems are very different, the Charge of the Light Brigade has more metaphors throughout the poem, there is a metaphor which describes the valley and how fierce it was there, Into the jaws of Death, Into the mouth of Hell this sentence is also used in repitition again later in the poem, the sentence describes the valley as hell. Wilfred Owens poem though uses more similes. The first sentence of the poem is a simile, Bent double, like old beggars under sacks and then theres Knock-kneed, coughing like hags, these two similes make this poem start off at tremendous pace. Then a similie which describes the man that was dying from mustard gas, And floundring like a man in fire or lime, this describes how much pain and agony the man was going through. Then the last simile in the poem is in the last verse which again describes the man who had died, His hanging face, like a devils sick of sin this shows how the dead man looked, Owen compares him to the devil. The two poems both have a different message for the reader, Tennysons the Charge of the Light Brigade wants people to honour the brave men, Honour the charge they made! Honour the Light Brigade, Noble six hundred! . Wilfred Owen on the other hand leaves a direct message for the oncoming and unsuspecting soldiers, The most important part is the message to the reader in the last verse If in some smothering dreams you too could pace Wilfred Owen tells the readers that he has nightmares about that man, My friend, you would not tell with such high zest Owen also tells the reader that its hard telling kids these storys, these two quotes tell the reader directly how horrific the sights were and that it has stayed in his memory.

The Talented Mr. Ripley essays

The Talented Mr. Ripley essays Directors often base their films on novels; however, directors many times will alter the characters, plots, and settings of their films to appeal to an audience more than the novel. Changing the overall image of a character and accentuating different elements of a setting for a film will alter an audiences perspective of the character. This new opinion of the character in the film usually portrays the directors feelings toward a particular character, whether the feelings are positive or negative. The Talented Mr. Ripley is a wonderful example of changing a character and setting so they will come across to an audience in the same way the character appeals to the creator. A good scene for comparison is when Marge finds Dickies beloved rings among Tom Ripleys possessions. This scene shows how the drastic differences in Marges character changes the relationship of Tom and Marge in the novel and film and also changes the audiences perspective of Marge because of the different ways Pa tricia Highsmith and Anthony Minghella wrote her character. The setting of the ring scene is different in the novel and film. Marge confronts Tom with the dilemma of Dickie having taken off his rings in a large, open room in the novel; an open room for an open mind. This open room instills a feeling of receptiveness on the part of Marge. Tom has been sitting on a sofa that has just been described as fitted his shoulders like someones arm, or rather fitted it better than somebodys arm... The cozy sofa also makes the reader aware that Tom is very vulnerable at this point in the movie because he is relaxed and drowsy. Highsmith is able to change the cozy feeling quickly though because she then draws attention to Toms nervous actions when Marge informs Tom that she has found Dickies rings. Tom stands up quickly; he bumps into on of his shoes and picks it up; he holds the sho...

Famous Quotes About Women and Womanhood

Famous Quotes About Women and Womanhood Reams of paper and reels of films have been dedicated to describe a woman. Women-oriented books promise to reveal the secret underlying womanhood. Biologists have spent their lifetime decoding the mystery of a woman. But the woman continues to be an enigma. Her enigma embodies her beauty. And this beauty is not skin-deep. These famous quotes about women explore the qualities of women. Famous Quotes About Women Rebecca West, The Clarion I myself have never been able to find out precisely what feminism is. I only know that people call me a feminist whenever I express sentiments that differentiate me from a doormat or a prostitute. Anne Morrow Lindbergh, American aviator, Gift From the Sea By and large, mothers and housewives are the only workers who do not have regular time off. They are the great vacation-less class. Samuel Richardson, Writer A beautiful woman must expect to be more accountable for her steps, than one less attractive. Charlotte Bronte, Novelist [in a letter to William Smith Williams] I am neither a man nor a woman but an author. Loretta Young, American Actress A charming woman doesnt follow the crowd. She is herself. Toni Morrison, Author, Sula I know what every colored woman in this country is doing. Dying. Just like me. But the difference is they are dying like a stump. Me, Im going down like one of those redwoods. I sure did live in this world. William Congreve, English Playwright Heaven hath no rage like a love to hatred turned, nor hell a fury like a woman scorned. Rudyard Kipling, Author A womans guess is much more accurate than a mans certainty.

Sterile Service Department Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sterile Service Department - Essay Example The essay "Sterile Service Department" talks about the hospital sterile services department which is operated by a specialised group of staff who provide an essential service by supplying the operation theatres with sterile instruments and departments with specific items required for patient care.After each use, the medical devices undergo various decontamination processes to render them safe and for reuse on patients and for staff handling. Prior to beginning the decontamination, the used medical device is first received by the sterile services department in a collection container specifically meant for this purpose and is subjected to reprocessing. It is essential that the SSD staff need to check the device and to notify the user if any part of the equipment is damaged or missing on receipt. This is followed by a series of interdependent decontamination procedures like cleaning, disinfection and sterilisation to ensure complete elimination of microbes and other contaminants from th e reusable medical device. Cleaning is the first step in decontamination and is an essential prerequisite for the next stage namely disinfection. Cleaning is done either by mechanical means using an automated washer disinfector or an ultrasonic bath comprising warm water rinse, power wash, disinfection using a detergent and a drying phase. The choice of detergent depends on the nature of the equipment and the user follows the instructions of the manufacturer. For delicate or complex medical devices, manual cleaning is normally preferred.

Causal Arument Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Causal Arument - Essay Example Some states legally allowed the use of marijuana for some diseases for which the doctors prescribed it as a medicine whereas some other states are still not allowing even the patients to use or keep marijuana under their possession. However, according to medical experts, marijuana use should not be encouraged because of the side effects it can generate later in the user’s life. â€Å"To date, marijuana is still classified as an illegal Schedule 1 drug by the Controlled Substances Act. It is defined as having "no accepted medical use in treatment in the United States" (Roth). American Federal courts are still convinced about the usefulness of marijuana. For them, marijuana is still an addictive and dangerous substance which can damage a person physically and psychologically. Spice, a herbal smoking mixture, is sold on the internet and in some shops in America labeled as legal and nicotine-free smoke. Many people in America are using Spice at present as a substitute to Marijuan a. However, scientific studies shown that Spice is also harmful to human health. Professor Leslie Iversen, chairman of the technical committee of the Advisory Council, said: â€Å"It is a very clever product, sold as a herbal smoking mixture from China, but containing chemicals which can be a lot more potent than cannabis† (Ford). This paper analyses the Spice as legal alternative to marijuana. Cannabis has been used for relaxation and meditation purposes for many thousands of years, and studies carried out today tell us the number of users is rising. Young people especially seem to be attracted to experimenting with mind-altering drugs, such as cannabis, and this can result in abuse, addiction, mental health problems, and prosecution. While cannabis itself is not physically addictive it can be dangerous for those with mental health issues and is often supplied by dealers who also have access to harder, highly addictive drugs (Casundara) â€Å"Herbs or blends of herbs that o ne can smoke as alternatives to marijuana or tobacco- The term marijuana alternatives mean just that. It does not mean we are offering legal marijuana or a marijuana substitute† (Legal Alternatives To Marijuana And Tobacco). Many people who are using Spice like alternate products instead of Marijuana have feeling that these products are less harmful than marijuana and it is legal to use these products in America. In fact Spice like substitute products for marijuana has not been prohibited in America yet and hence no criminal cases can be charged against such users. However, it doesn’t mean that these substitute products are less harmful or superior to marijuana. The only advantage of using spice like alternate product is that the user can escape from any kind of legal formalities in using it. According to a shop owner, â€Å"the demand for spice has doubled each month, and its sales now represent a third of his revenue. On some Fridays, his two District stores can brin g in $10,000 from the sale of spice alone†(Savage). The growing popularity of Spice over marijuana can be attributed mainly to the fewer barriers in getting it in America. No drug screening tests can detect Spice which made it one of the favorite substitutes for marijuana. Many of the Spice users believe that it is less harmful. However, â€Å"Nationwide, the American Association of Poison Control Centers logged 567 cases across 41 states in which people had suffered a bad reaction to spice during the first half of 2010. Just 13 cases were reported in 2009†

Development of a Computer system application using 3GL tools Research Paper

Development of a Computer system application using 3GL tools & Design Phase - Research Paper Example The mobile division of the company is meant to create mobile software products, whose main use are on mobile phones, and laptop computers. The division runs a series of two programs, each with a program manager, and a handful of highly qualified staff. The program manager has the responsibility of developing an innovative idea concerning particular software, and he works together with his team. The Hakimo business department produces software’s for office applications. This software’s are to enhance effective communication within a company. This division combines the services of employees at the business solution department and the mobile division of the company. This is because of the experience, and skills in their possession. The information department handles the public relations of the company, and the company’s main business strategy is to enter into a strategic alliance with large software companies. 3GLS stands for Third Generation Languages. It is a collection of programming languages that enhance the development of second generational languages. Examples of 3GLS tools are Pascal, the C family of languages and BASIC. A program developed by 3GL tools is referred to as a source code, which is converted by a specific program, known as the complier, to the object code. This code is recognized by a specific computer. In developing this program, programmers use aggregate data types, and variable names, and they combine this with skills in defining parts of the code, into subroutines. 3GLS tools such as Fortran, Pascal and the C family enable a programmer to develop programs that are independent of a specific computer (Shooman, 2002). These languages are referred to as high level languages, because they are close to the language spoken by humans. These languages can run at any computer, and are not limited to specifics. Programmers who use Pascal to develop computer

Identitys Role in Internal Politics of Eastern Europe Countries in the Essay

Identitys Role in Internal Politics of Eastern Europe Countries in the Context of Globalisation - Essay Example Globalisation is perceived differently by different individuals with some believing that it presents new opportunities while others see inequality, and hindrance of national sovereignty. In Eastern Europe, new countries have emerged from the collapse of communism governments that is the Soviet Union and the Yogoslavia, therefore developing new political identities (Genov, 2010). Countries like Poland have emerged from decolonisation hence acquiring different political systems from those of their colonisers. Most of the Eastern Europe countries have originated from authoritarian regimes, which had their identities repressed. Therefore, Eastern Europe countries engage in politics and economic systems that are distant from their colonisers, even going to the extent of changing their entire political systems. Lawmakers ensure that laws match the citizens’ sense of national identity hence satisfying their people’s roles, goals, and values (Schneider, 2010: 931). This paper w ill examine the role of identity in internal politics of Eastern Europe countries in the context of globalisation. Eastern Europe is a place that is diverse historically, culturally and geographically. The people living in Eastern Europe are of different ethnicities where they even speak different Indo-European languages. Eastern Europe is made up of four sub regions. There is the Baltics comprising of countries such as, Estonia, Montenegro, Serbia, Lithuania, and Latvia. The second sub region is East Central Europe comprising of countries like; Slovakia, Czech Republic, Poland, Hungary and Slovenia. The third sub region is Eastern Europe with countries such as, Moldova, Belarus and Russia. The fourth sub region is the Balkans or Southern East Europe with countries like Macedonia Bulgaria, Albania, Croatia, Herzegovina, Ukraine, Romania, and Bosnia. Those countries that are adjacent to Western Europe and centrally placed have adopted similar identities and most have joined the Europ ean Union, therefore, embracing globalisation (Cernat and Murrell, 2002:119). Other Eastern Europe countries that are far placed do not have shared identities with Europe and with the different ethnicity, religions, and political issues, many are considered volatile. Globalisation is defined as a process requiring the reduction of territorial boundaries so as to allow interactive and interdependent worldwide forms of to spread. Globalisation brings about the dissemination and spread of culture, politics, and economy from particular locations to worldwide magnitude. In addition to free movement of cultural values, money, people, and ideas, globalisation calls for mutually beneficial relations (Martel, 2009:461). Its dominant processes of regionalisation (Cernat and Murrell, 2002:119). Identity, whether cultural or national, can influence politics in that lawmakers will attempt to develop policies that will represent the values of its citizens. Policymakers will strive to create forei gn policy laws that will ensure the country’s sovereignty remains strong even among regional economic allies. A country’s national identity is not set at a certain level; therefore, adjustments can be made, allowing the citizens to adopt new interests and values. National identity is simply an illusion that people from one country or region can have about who they are. As globalisation sets in, some national identities evolve and a global perspective is adopted. Politicians sometimes act to serve their best interests of retaining power, when they draft laws that do not allow easy integration or cohesion between a nation and other foreign countries. They usually view integration as a threat, looking to reduce their power. However, globalisation is

How do the HRM practices at Great Wall fit together strategically Case Study

How do the HRM practices at Great Wall fit together strategically - Case Study Example For starters we are informed that Great Wall organized itself functionally. This implies that the organization is then better placed to accurately define its recruitment, training, rewards and staff retention policies for each area of concentration. Also, using the functional divisions Great Wall is able to utilize a decision-focused approach which is based on the three decision making levels, namely operational, managerial and strategic. Recruitment We are informed that staff that was recruited was chosen based on their experience and interpersonal skills. Experience enables them to add value immediately to Great Wall and this is important for the organization as it seeks to rise to the pinnacle of Asian golf resorts. Furthermore, unlike their competitors Great Wall hired senior managers from Asia who had a better understanding of the culture and social practices of the Chinese target market. Training Great Wall knew that for the organization to raise its profile to world class it w ould have to invest in training its staff to meet those world class standards. From Exhibit 4 in the case we can see how Great Wall differentiated the training offered to its staff based on their level. There was the mandatory training required for all staff and additional training offered to staff that was at supervisory level and above. This is in line with the decision-focused approach to HRM. ... Great Wall’s HR thus devised various informal and formal reward systems for managerial staff as well as rank and file employees. For example reward systems for rank and file employees included â€Å"Employee of the Month† which gave employees recognition as well as one month’s salary as financial reward. On the other hand, the best caddies would receive both monetary and non-monetary rewards for superior service and performance, with the monetary rewards being issued quarterly. Staff retention Another major challenge that Great Wall faced as an employer in China stemmed from the migrant nature of the workforce. Even though its staff turnover was lower than the industry average, it was still higher than Great Wall’s desired level. The company knew that its ability to retain staff that had long-standing relationships with members was a key competitive advantage thus it had to lower its staff turnover. With this goal in mind, the organization used a combinati on of incentive plans such as putting in place both formal and informal reward systems, trainings, comfortable housing, medical plans and so on. How do the HRM practices at Great Wall support Great Wall's strategy? Corporate strategy is about what a company wants and how the company should go about to satisfy this want. To achieve its main goal the company employs a grand strategy. Grand strategies fall into three general categories which reflect what a company’s overall goal would be namely: growth, stability or retrenchment. From the context of the case Great Wall’s grand strategy was to grow. The organization aimed to achieve this growth through placing emphasis

'How does interprofessional working impact on professional Essay

'How does interprofessional working impact on professional responsibility and accountability in the clinical setting' - Essay Example e we don’t work alone in the clinical setting, we interact and work together with other professionals who exert influence to each other’s own accountabilities and responsibilities. This paper will discuss the impact of inter-professional working on professional responsibility and accountability in the clinical setting with reference to my own clinical experience. It will address the importance of maintaining a healthy inter-professional working environment to promote a collaborative approach to safe and effective healthcare delivery. This paper will explore how professionals work together in promoting quality care delivery, the value systems in the scope of practice. In almost any healthcare setting, two or more professionals (of different professions) work together in the clinical setting. The nurse depends on the doctor in prescription of medications; the doctor needs the nurses’ help in carrying out his orders, and the nurse needs other professionals to lessen her load. Inter-professional collaboration is inevitable as we depend with each other in performing our own duties for better patient outcomes. Preparation for inter-professionalism begins at student years (Morison, Johnston and Stevenson, 2010). In the clinical setting, we professionals are not independent with each other. How we work with other healthcare team members influences our own professional accountabilities and responsibilities, like how the nurse’s accountability intertwines the unlicensed assistive personnel’s (UAP) accountability when the task is delegated by her to him. Our own accountabilities and responsibilities are dependent to each other as well while working as a team. Inter-professional work impacts our professional accountabilities and responsibilities, which can either, be positive or negative influence to ours. An example of a positive influence is my experience in transferring a patient from the chair to the bed. The nurse asked for my help in assisting the patient

How do the HRM practices at Great Wall fit together strategically Case Study

How do the HRM practices at Great Wall fit together strategically - Case Study Example For starters we are informed that Great Wall organized itself functionally. This implies that the organization is then better placed to accurately define its recruitment, training, rewards and staff retention policies for each area of concentration. Also, using the functional divisions Great Wall is able to utilize a decision-focused approach which is based on the three decision making levels, namely operational, managerial and strategic. Recruitment We are informed that staff that was recruited was chosen based on their experience and interpersonal skills. Experience enables them to add value immediately to Great Wall and this is important for the organization as it seeks to rise to the pinnacle of Asian golf resorts. Furthermore, unlike their competitors Great Wall hired senior managers from Asia who had a better understanding of the culture and social practices of the Chinese target market. Training Great Wall knew that for the organization to raise its profile to world class it w ould have to invest in training its staff to meet those world class standards. From Exhibit 4 in the case we can see how Great Wall differentiated the training offered to its staff based on their level. There was the mandatory training required for all staff and additional training offered to staff that was at supervisory level and above. This is in line with the decision-focused approach to HRM. ... Great Wall’s HR thus devised various informal and formal reward systems for managerial staff as well as rank and file employees. For example reward systems for rank and file employees included â€Å"Employee of the Month† which gave employees recognition as well as one month’s salary as financial reward. On the other hand, the best caddies would receive both monetary and non-monetary rewards for superior service and performance, with the monetary rewards being issued quarterly. Staff retention Another major challenge that Great Wall faced as an employer in China stemmed from the migrant nature of the workforce. Even though its staff turnover was lower than the industry average, it was still higher than Great Wall’s desired level. The company knew that its ability to retain staff that had long-standing relationships with members was a key competitive advantage thus it had to lower its staff turnover. With this goal in mind, the organization used a combinati on of incentive plans such as putting in place both formal and informal reward systems, trainings, comfortable housing, medical plans and so on. How do the HRM practices at Great Wall support Great Wall's strategy? Corporate strategy is about what a company wants and how the company should go about to satisfy this want. To achieve its main goal the company employs a grand strategy. Grand strategies fall into three general categories which reflect what a company’s overall goal would be namely: growth, stability or retrenchment. From the context of the case Great Wall’s grand strategy was to grow. The organization aimed to achieve this growth through placing emphasis

Dodge Ram Essay Example for Free

Dodge Ram Essay †¢ During an executive test drive just months before product launch, Daimler Chrysler officials declared a no-launch decision because of excessive vehicle vibration for the companys newly designed Dodge Ram Mega Cab 44 pickup. †¢ Cummins Inc. , manufacturer of the trucks diesel engine, immediately chartered a Six Sigma team and employed the DMAIC problem-solving process to diagnose and correct the factors leading to the high vibration levels. †¢ Through extensive testing, the Six Sigma team determined that by increasing the crankshaft counterweight radius, vibrations were significantly reduced. †¢ The Cummins team completed the DMAIC project in an extraordinary time frame — just over four months — resulting in a 16% reduction in vibration levels and a 100% increase in sales of the truck in the first year compared to sales projections. It was less than nine months before Daimler Chrysler launched its new 2006 Dodge Ram Mega Cab 44 pickup when top company executives tested vehicle prototypes during a semi-annual executive ride-and-drive session. During the test drives, the automakers executives determined that excessive engine vibrations felt in the cab created a no-launch situation. The company then turned to Cummins Inc. , supplier of the vehicles 5. 9-liter turbo-diesel engine, looking to dramatically reduce the vibration levels—and quickly! Cummins, which already had a successful companywide Six Sigma program in place, immediately launched a Six Sigma project to tackle the vibration problem. Cummins Inc. deployed a Six Sigma team to reduce engine vibration just six months prior to the September 2005 launch of the new Dodge Ram Mega Cab 44 pickup. Recognizing consumer demand for better fuel economy and reduced emissions, both Toyota and Honda have introduced hybrid vehicles to the American market. Toyota introduced the Prius to the U. S. in 2000. Honda began selling the hybrid two-seater Insight in the U. S. in 1999. U. S. Sales in the hybrid vehicle industry have increased over 570 percent since model year 20001. Today, hybrid vehicles hold a 1% market share in the U. S. ,2 and there are three models of hybrid vehicles dominating the market: the Toyota Prius, Honda Insight, and the Honda Civic Hybrid. The Toyota Prius Toyota’s initial marketing strategy for the Prius targeted innovators and early adopters of new technologies. * The 2000 â€Å"Prius/genius† campaign focused on highlighting Toyota’s commitment to creating environmentally responsible vehicles4 and on using online space to engage technophiles early on in the production process. Toyota enabled interested customers to visit a special website about Prius development as early as two years before the introduction of the product. Toyota used focus groups and clinics with target consumers to evaluate different aspects of the Prius. Toyota found that the consumers valued high technology, affordable price, clean operation, comfort, quality, convenient design, and safety. Toyota’s television and print ads underscored the evolutionary aspects of hybrid technology and freedom from dependence on oil. Toyota created online e-brochures with a 17-second video clip that were sent to the almost 44,000 people. 5 In addition, Toyota benefited from various celebrity endorsements that attracted attention to the new Prius.

SWOT analysis of the borders company

SWOT analysis of the borders company According to the article Borders Group, Inc.; Borders Raises $25 Million Through Equity Financing to Support Key Financial and Strategic Initiatives (2010), Borders Group sold $25 million equity finances to financier Bennett LeBow in May 2009 so it could solve a company liquidity problem. This new capital budget will strengthen Borders balance sheet which recorded liabilities as $1.3 billion and stockholders equities as $262 million (Borders group, Inc., 2010). Moreover, Borders could provide capital to help fund the transformation of the Borders brand. These include improving the store network to increase profitability and productivity and maximizing the digital opportunity, including growing Borders.com. Launched eBook store to digital approach To compete with other company, Borders launched its eBook store with more than 1.5 million titles, including thousands of free titles, available in a variety of formats, including ePub, mobile and PDF (Borders opens, 2010). In addition, a company launched the Kobo eReader and Aluratek Libre eReader on Borders.com. Both devices, which are value-priced at under $150, have surpassed sales expectations. Moreover, to provide additional value around its digital offerings, Borders also offers free books to customers download Borders application (Borders offers, 2010). From its variety digital approach, Borders can achieve customer satisfaction. Weakness: Net losses in Waldenbooks Specialty Retail stores Borders had 468 Waldenbooks Specialty Retail stores in 2008 summer (Milliot, 2009). However, in 2009, Borders Waldenbooks Specialty Retail stores revenues decreased 8.5% (Borders Group Q4, 2010). It, moreover, is lesser consumers to go to shopping in shopping mall (Industry profile: Bookstores, 2010) so Borders has continually closed Waldenbooks stores since 2001 (Milliot, 2009). In addition, Borders closed 186 Waldenbooks Specialty Retail locations in the fourth quarter of 2009. The total 212 Waldenbooks stores were closed in 2009 fiscal year (Milliot, 2010). It seems that Waldenbooks stores are still a problem for Borders to burden net losses in several years. Missing multi-media approach Multi-media were the most significant impact in sales of the book industry because multi-media categories are low margin categories, such as music and video. Although Borders has already expanded their DVD movies section since 2006, Borders decided to decrease their multi-media section and more focused on book selling instead. As this result, in the second quarter of 2009, Borderss music sales were declined 51% and DVD sales were declined 48% (Borders Group, Inc. Q2, 2009). In fact, excluding multi-media, Borderss superstore comps declined by 13%. The sales of books are around 67% of the total sales in 2008 and 2009 (Milliot, 2010). Opportunities Strong growing in on-line retailing market The online retailing industry is increasing very fast because internet is becoming more and more popular. The data from Forester shows that the online retail sales reached $141 billion in 2008, which was an 11% increase. In the 2009, online retail sales reached $141 billion, which was a 13% increase, even faster increase than previous year (Reuters Research Inc., 2010). Borders internet service acquired a lot of experience in the past two years and the eBook is a new service which will be provided by borders in July 2, 2010. In this case, new strategies include online store and eBook which are using by Borders may help borders catch this opportunity. Increasing Book Industry The book market which Borders involves in is growing steadys because internet sales and many new assistant technologies like e-book are helping people to acquire and read books easily and conveniently. According to the report book industry trend (2009), book industrys net income would increase 4.4% to $37.3billion in 2008 from $35.7billion in 2009. Bensinger (2010) states that U.S. book sales will rise 5.8 percent from 2010 to 2015 and most of increasing are online book selling. This data clearly shows that book industry will become larger, especially the online book market, which is a great opportunity for borders to use digital strategies such as Borders.com and eBook to change the depression in the past 5 years. Threats The increasing minimum wages in US According to the article Tables calculators by subject (2010), the federal minimum wage rate increased $5.15 per hour in 1997 to reach $6.55 per hour in July, 2008 and it kept going to $8.55 per hour in 2009, and remains same in 2010. All of those increases were caused by a voter begins in 1998 relative with increased inflation rate and cost did not rise in that year (High paying, 2010). The increased minimum wages makes borders face a more serious environment. The higher cost of wages will increase burden of Borders since borders has approximately 25,000. The sharp decrease in revenue which caused by intense competition and increased cost of labors will further decrease the net income of Borders. The decrease of consumers in shopping malls of US The consumers gradually adapt to shop online and the traffic of shopping mall is gradually decreasing in US. Decreased mall consumers in US have made many retailers into trouble. Sales performance of malls in the U.S also becomes worse and excepted to remain in the same situation in the nearly future. Connolly (2009) states that Mall tenant sales declined to10.3% in Jan 2009, which is a slightly better performance than in November and December in 2008. In this case, Borders is a bookstore company which has physical stores and the companys Waldenbooks which is a brand based on mall. In this case, Borders consumer traffic also will be affected by the decrease of consumers in shopping malls and it is clearly that the profit of Borders also will be affected.

Daughters of the Dust and Mama Day :: Julie Dash Gloria Naylor Literature Essays

Daughters of the Dust and Mama Day Although their plots are divergent, Julie Dash’s â€Å"Daughters of the Dust† and Gloria Naylor’s Mama Day possess strikingly similar elements: their setting in the islands off the coast of South Carolina and Georgia, their cantankerous-but-lovable matriarchs who are both traditional healers, and stories of migration, whether it be to the mainland or back home again. The themes of the film and the book are different but at the same time not dissimilar: Dash’s film emphasizes the importance of retaining connections to the ancestral past, while Naylor’s novel focuses more on love, loss, and reconciliation with the past that is part of the present and will continue into the future. Were Dash’s audience to return to the South Sea islands eighty years after â€Å"Daughters of the Dust† they might find the Gullah people and their lives similar to those of the Willow Springs of Naylor’s novel. Although nearly a century spans between them, these two people nevertheless share many traits. Many of the residents of Willow Springs answer to a nickname given them as a child; similarly, Viola Peazant reminisces about the nicknames given to children in Ibo Landing. Members of both communities, generations from Africa and steeped in â€Å"modernity,† still come to the traditional herbalist for help in matters of the body and spirit: Eula uses Nana’s medicine to contact the soul of her deceased mother; Bernice and Ambush come to Mama Day to heal Bernice when she becomes ill, and later for help in conceiving a child. Both Nana Peazant and Mama Day draw their knowledge from a life lived on their respective islands and their strength from their ancestors, whom they visit and tend at the village graveyards. And like Nana Peazant, Mama Day struggles to maintain a tie with her family members who have left the island and immersed themselves in the mainstream culture. Cocoa, however, is difficult to reconcile with just one character in â€Å"Daughters of the Dust.† Perhaps she is mostly like Yellow Mary, who has left Ibo Landing but returns in the â€Å"now† of the film. It is unclear, though, why Yellow Mary returns; unlike Cocoa, she is not in the habit of paying visits to her family, and she is hardly welcomed with the same enthusiasm as is Cocoa. Also, it seems that although both Mary and Cocoa share a closeness to their elder female relatives, Cocoa clashes more with Mama Day than Mary does with Nana.

American Big Business - A Case Study :: essays research papers

Singer Corporation, now known as Bicoastal Corporation, is the company that brought the world the sewing machine. There are Singer Sewing machines in almost every country in the world and Singer instructions in more than 50 languages. Mahatma Gandhi learned to sew on a Singer and called it â€Å"one of the few useful things ever invented.† I will attempt to explain how Singer came to be one of America’s big businesses. Isaac Merritt Singer was born in Pittstown, New York in 1811, and ran away from his immigrant parents at the age of 12 to join a troupe of traveling actors. He remained an actor until 1835, inventing things on the side. The first patent for a sewing machine was granted in 1790 in England but no one had been able to come up with a reliable design that did not need frequent repairs. Because of this sewing machines had never become commercially successful. In 1850 Singer came up with a design and patented it. In 1851 Singer and Company was born and the Singer sewing machine was an immediate success. The machine was, however very close in design to that of Elias Howe who had been on the verge of solving the problem of the unreliable sewing machine. He sued for patent infringement. Singer hired a young lawyer to defend him. In exchange for his services Clark became an equal partner in the company. Singer ran the manufacturing side and Clark the Financial side. Clark ended the lawsuit and pooled the two patents together creating the Singer Machine Combination. This was the first patent pool in America. Until the late 1850s, because of the price of the sewing machines, the company concentrated on the commercial market e.g. professional tailors and clothing manufactures. But around this time Clark introduced the first customer installment payment plan. Combined with an intensive marketing campaign, this meant that the product could reach a wider market than ever before and even those with relatively low incomes could afford the sewing machines. By 1855 Singer was the world’s biggest sewing company. It begans its overseas expansion starting in Paris, making Singer the world’s first international company. The first factory outside the United States was opened in Glasgow, Scotland in 1961, followed by distribution centers in London, England, and a factory in Brighton, England that was the biggest in the U.K. at the time. By 1867 international sales exceeded at home sales for the first time.

On Bending the Rules

Sir, you always remind us of the strict implementation of the rules and regulations, the young lady protested. â€Å"l didn't let them in because they didn't show me the document stipulated in the guidelines. † moves, but in every rule, there is always an exception,† my friend told his staff. â€Å"Just let them in. I know them, anyway. † When my friend left, the young lady gave us a long inquisitive look before she led us to the room. I explained to her that we ran out of time in furnishing the said document so we ended up asking help from her immediate head, who happened to e my friend.She told us about the institution's firm adherence to its policies. â€Å"You are very lucky you know our head,† she remarked. I looked at her and told her that this scenario could happen anytime anywhere. â€Å"This kind of situation is rather inevitable. No matter how ideal we think we are, sometimes, we end up bending the rules,† I said beaming. â€Å"I don't thi nk so. You know, if I were the head, I would be very stern in carrying out the policies,† she said in an undaunted tone. I smiled at her. I was Impressed with her boldness. Yes, she can be a quintessence of an effective leader.Or do I hope she'll live by her principle and gradually Inspire other people to follow In her footsteps. Indeed, idealism is usually resembled by the so-called fervent and vibrant young people. However, when they are exposed to the â€Å"real world† where rules and regulations are succinctly stated and believed to be sternly Implemented, but easily twisted in Just a snap, they end up disappointed, crooked, or challenged. If they were challenged, would they be firm enough to execute what are really stipulated In the guidelines?Wouldn't they really be Influenced by the professed â€Å"In authorities†? If they were disappointed, would they give up, learn the tactics of stooping the policies, and eventually enjoy the benefits of such abhorred a ct? Perhaps, so goes the line, â€Å"as pliant as the bamboo. † Bending the rules, no matter how simple or complicated they are, Is Just one of our collects tons of Ills that should be given drastic consideration. The subtle ways by which we bend simple rules Impede us from attaining progress, so to speak. Who does not crouch any of the rules, navy? We all do.So let us start straightening our stooped mentality and eventually making our society free from filthiness and pungency. More often than not, we say It's easier said than done. We can If we are willing to, nonetheless. By memo miss, but in every rule, there is always an exception,† my friend told his staff. â€Å"Just be my friend. She told us about the institution's firm adherence to its policies. Muff â€Å"l don't think so. You know, if I were the head, I would be very stern in carrying out I smiled at her. I was impressed with her boldness. Yes, she can be a quintessence of an effective leader.Or do I hope sh e'll live by her principle and gradually inspire there people to follow in her footsteps. Regulations are succinctly stated and believed to be sternly implemented, but easily stipulated in the guidelines? Wouldn't they really be influenced by the professed â€Å"in complicated they are, is Just one of our society tons of ills that should be given drastic consideration. The subtle ways by which we bend simple rules impede us from attaining progress, so to speak. Who does not crouch any of the rules, anyway;ay? More often than not, we say it's easier said than done. We can if we are willing to,

English as a Global language Essay

Discuss the positive and negative impacts of having English as global language Over the last decades English has played an important role around the world as common language for economic, education, scientific and entertainment exchange between nations and in particular between people. The positive aspect is that English language open doors in terms of global communication and business, because this language has become a powerful tool in terms of improving productivity and driving growth where it is used . However, there are also a number of significant negative aspects such as English dominance and loss of languages mainly driven by globalization. Therefore, this essay will argue the negative impacts of having English as a global language because of the way English language affects young people’s linguistic skills and behaviour through mass media. Using English as an international language has some benefits in people’s lives. Firstly, the major positive effect is global communication due to the widespread coverage recognized and understood by people everywhere. One example of how English has helped to improve communication in the world is given by Crystal (2002) English language was implemented in aviation field after the second world war, when the International Aviation Organisation agreed with the objective of traffic control safety. This is important because having one common worldwide language is in a very real sense the final safety net. Additionally, English is the widespread language in education due to the great influence of English in several fields, where communication is the key in order to improve development and knowledge (Weil and Pullin 2011). In fact, today this language is used to normal medium instruction in higher education for many  countries, including several where the language has no official status. What is more, it is that English has had positive impact in business because it is an important tool in terms of driving growth and international development. There are some significant examples in multinational corporations such as Siemens which is the largest electricalengineering  companies in the world located in Germany. Since 2002 the corporate language is English (Fredricksson, Barner-Rasmussen & Piekkari 2006). It is clear that companies use English not only for productivity but also for integrating people at work. Allied to this another case is in Deutsche Bank which implemented English as a common language for meetings, in order to achieve efficiency (Rogerson-Revel 2006). It can be seen then that English language has positive effects in people’s lives not only in everyday life but also in specific fields such as aviation, education and business. However, if one looks closely to the situation of minority languages there are a number of negative aspects of having English as a worldwide tongue. One of these is English dominance. Actually, language plays an important role in terms of influencing people’s behaviour through mass media such as movies, satellite TV and DVDs which can be viewed almost universally, examples of this such as Hollywood Films, TV Series and CNN news (Morris 2002). The effect of mass media does not stop when the movie or program ends. This lingering effect might just be the cause of behavioural changes in people. Another example of the English media dominance is given by Kaul (2011) who argues that most language’s scholars think that the television companies especially from the US have created a variety of programs such as Bloomberg, MTV music television and National Geographic in order to cover different audiences and as a result influences on people’s thinking. It is clear that English has negative consequences on  people through mass media communications due to the influence on their mentality. Language loss is another negative effect of English as global language. Actually, according to Whalen (cited by Gibbs 2002), in the United Kingdom there is some dialect Irish Gaelic, where people started seeing their language  as inferior to the  dominant language, then people ceased speaking it for everyday life. Thus, if  their children stopped speaking their own language as a result the language inevitable will vanish. Another case related to this issue is in the United States where some languages are into extinction such as Shoshone which is the language of native indigenous community, this tongue has been taught for generations carrying the identity of their people. However, due to the pressure of English language and American culture, Shoshone will extinct inevitably (Krauss 2003). This is because Shoshone speakers have been influenced inevitably by American society. It can be seen that, there are significant examples of languages loss this issue is driven by English as worldwide language. Therefore, although English as a global language can have some positive effects in fields such as education aviation and business communication arguably has more adverse effects. Young people have been facing serious problems in their linguistic identity due to English media influences . This aspect continually changes with the individual development, according to the environment and situations in daily life, where English is a powerful tool of communication. One example of this case is given by Kaul (2011) who states that global western brands such as Disney, well known in terms of influencing children’s behaviour through communication and shopping experience. This means that, The US export western perception of entertainment to the children under its consumer strategy with significant consequences in their lives. Another example of  English Media dominance in young people is in television such as cartoon network programs which have become a negative influence in terms of linguistic expressions (Hassan & Daniyal 2013). It is clear that, English language through mass media is affecting negatively behaviour and linguistic skills in young people. Another aspect that it is important to take into account is linguistic Culture loss. A recent study of a group of undergraduate students in selected private and public universities from Malaysia, found that being proficient in English is viewed as superior, higher status and elite social interaction than the local language. (Kim, Siong, Fei & Ya’acob 2010). The implication here is the detriment of the mother tongue and as a result the linguistic culture. According to Keebe  (2003) regarding indigenous linguistic loss is not only an issue in terms of linguistic concern but also in terms of preserving culture. It is clear that, as global language English is responsible for some damages in linguistic culture in some communities. This situation causes that minorities gradually move the language from the mother tongue to the foreign language with consequences in terms of culture identity. It can be seen then that there are some significant evidences to show that English language as a worldwide tongue can have negative effects in minority communities such as language loss and rejection of their own language. Although, some argue that English as a common language may facilitate global communication, there are significant negative impacts in terms of misunderstandings between people. One of these is the pronunciation due to the different English accents around the world. There are some examples in aviation field one example of this was between members of the crew and a passenger in Air New Zealand flight,  from London to Oakland,  California where a young man passenger understood Oakland instead of Auckland. Therefore, was taken to Auckland, next day New Zealand airlines gave him a free-ticket to Oakland (Krivonos 2007). This example shows that misunderstanding can occur in  any part of the flight whether landing or taking off stage. Moreover, there are examples in terms of communication where English as a global language has changed its vocabulary due to the adaptations in different countries depending on the communicative needs such as words associated to traditions, rituals, cooking, recreation, habits, and many other aspects of daily life. For instance, in South Africa the expression ‘The bakkie had to stop at a red robot’ , people need to understand that the word bakkie means a truck and the word robot means traffic light (Crystal 2003). This means that English as a common language is exposed to several changes due to the language itself now belong to the world. Moreover, while some authors claim  that English as a worldwide language has positive impacts in terms of business WorldLingo (cited by Feely and Harzing  2003) has argued that there are several companies  especially in China, South America and Middle East where the guideline is to speak same language as their customers. It is important to take into account that negotiations and legal documents are inevitable in mother tongue. This means that, for companies the priority is customer development needs. Thus, English in these situations does not have benefits for them. Further to this, according to Joshihara (cited by cited by Feely and Harzing  2003) he points out, in his studies  that Japanese multinationals  corporations most of the overseas offices are leading by Japanese people, this means that senior and medium management level prefer to carry on working in Japanese language. This means that, the priority for several companies in Japan is to hire Japanese people in order to solve their language communication issues.  It can be seen that even though there are some positive impacts on having English as a global language for global and business communication purposes, it can be argued that there are several evidences that English plays an important role in terms of misunderstandings and improvement opportunities in business communications whether aviation or multinational corporation In conclusion, English as a global language clearly has a negative impacts on young people’s linguistic skills and behaviour through mass media. While , English has a positive effects in terms of global communications such as aviation, education and business,  there  are  significant  negative  impacts  on  people  due  to  the  misunderstandings such as aviation field and business communication. Moreover, having English as a common language may affect negatively adults’ thinking through media due to the influences on mentality. Additionally, English language plays an important role affecting young people’s behaviour and linguistic skills via mass media. Therefore, English as a worldwide tongue is influencing negatively local languages and by default its survival due to the pressure of the English language in daily life in the communities. Moreover, English language is responsible for damages in linguistic culture whether local communities or minorities in different countries. Therefore, governments and leaders should consider the adverse consequences of English as a global language when making decisions in mass media policies, and consider the importance of its impact on young people and minority communities in terms of linguistic and culture identity. Reference List Crystal, D 2003 , Crystal, D 2003, English as a global language, Cambridge University Press, New York, New York, pp. 70,162. Demont-Heinrich, C 2011,’Cultural imperialism versus globalisation of culture: Riding the structure-agency dialectic in global communication and media studies’, SOC4 Journal, Manuscript. 401, viewed February 2014, pp 3. Feely, A & Harzing, A 2003,’ Language management in multinational companies’, Cross Cultural Management, vol 10, no. 2, pp. 46-47. Fredriksson, R & Barner-Rasmussen, W & Piekkari, R 2006, ‘The multinational corporation as a multilingual organization’, viewed 3 February 2014, . Gibbs, W 2002,’Saving Languages’, Scientific American, pp. 85. Hassan, A & Daniyal, M 2013,’ Carton network and its impact on behaviour of school going children’, International Journal of Management Economics and Social Sciences, Economics, pp. 8. Kaul, V 2011,’Globalisation and media’, Mass communication and journalism, vol 1, pp.4, 5. Kim, L & Siong, L & Fei, W & Ya’acob, A 2010,’ The English language and its impact on identities of multilingual Malaysian undergraduates’, Online Journal of language studies, vol 10, pp.95-96. Krivonos, P 2007,’Communication in aviation safety:lessons learned and lesson required’, . Majidi, A 2013,’ English as a global language; Threat or opportunity for minority languages?’, Mediterranean journal of social sciences, vol 4, np. 11, pp.34. Rogerson-Revell, P 2007, ‘Using English for international business a European case study’, English for specific purposes, vol 26, pp.104. Weil , M & Pullin, P 2011, ‘English as a lingua france in education- Internationalisation speaks English’, . 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